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不少人知道运动有助延缓大脑老化,在一定程度上起到防止老年痴呆症的作用。那么,哪种运动方式效果更佳?德国神经退行性疾病中心的一项研究显示,跳舞效果更佳,无论是广场舞、排舞还是爵士舞,延缓大脑老化的效果优于散步等普通运动方式。
研究人员招募62名平均年龄68岁的老年志愿者,把他们分成两组,一组每周一次学跳舞,另一组则做一些常规的耐力和拉伸训练,包括骑行、散步等。18个月后,研究人员发现,两组志愿者的大脑海马体区域都有所增大,“但只有跳舞组在平衡能力方面表现出显著改善”。海马体在记忆、学习和保持身体平衡方面起着重要作用。这一区域会随着年龄老化而萎缩,会受阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病影响。通常情况下,70岁以后,大脑中负责记忆的区域每年会萎缩1%,从而引起健忘、方向感差、痴呆症等问题。海马体是为数不多的可再生的大脑区域之一,能够预防甚至逆转萎缩。
研究人员认为,跳舞效果更佳的原因可能在于,志愿者被要求学习不同舞种,包括爵士舞、广场舞、拉丁舞、排舞等,隔周就得变换步法、手势、速度、旋律和舞蹈编排,处于不断学习和挑战的过程。
研究报告由最新一期瑞士《人类神经科学前沿》杂志发表。(黄敏)【新华社微特稿】
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