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科学家创造出“钻石雨”
2017-08-25 06:46:51 中国青年网
新华社北京8月24日新媒体专电
美媒称,在一个旨在模拟太阳系的冰质巨行星内部深处条件的实验中,科学家们首次观察到了在高压条件下形成的“钻石雨”。极端高压挤压行星内部的氢和碳形成了坚硬的钻石,这些钻石进一步缓慢沉降进入内部。
据美国每日科学网站8月20日报道,长期以来,人们一直假设这些闪闪发光的下沉物来自于天王星和海王星表面以下超过8000千米的地方,是由常见的氢和碳的混合物产生的。这些行星的内部都是相似的:两者都包含着由厚厚的不同的冰浆包围的固态内核。就太阳系中的冰质行星而言,“冰”指的是与较轻的元素如碳、氧和(或)氮结合的氢分子。
报道称,研究人员在美国斯坦福直线加速器中心的国家加速器实验室,利用直线加速器相干光源(LCLS)激光器上的极限条件下物质(MEC)仪器发出的光学激光在塑料中创造出冲击波,从而模拟了在这些行星内部发现的环境。
报道称,这项研究刊登在21日的英国《自然·天文学》杂志上。德国HZDR研究中心的科学家和这篇研究文章的第一作者多米尼克·克劳斯说:“以前,研究者只能假设形成了钻石。我看到这项最新实验结果的一刻,是我从事科学工作以来最棒的时刻之一。”
报道称,此前试图在类似条件下“再造”钻石雨的实验无法实时统计出测量结果,因为目前只能在实验室中创造出这些极端条件,而在这种条件下微小的钻石会在极短的时间内形成。而MEC仪器发出的高能光学激光与LCLS的X射线脉冲相结合,持续时间仅有几飞秒,使得科学家可以直接测量化学反应。
一些之前的实验也观察到,在较之这项实验创造的压力更低的条件下碳形成石墨或钻石的迹象,但是引入的其他材料改变了反应结果。
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