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新闻分析:美对委新一轮制裁影响几何

2017-08-26 17:15:47   新华网

新华社加拉加斯8月25日电 新闻分析:美对委新一轮制裁影响几何

新华社记者徐烨 王瑛

美国总统特朗普25日签署行政令,禁止美国金融机构参与委内瑞拉政府和国有的委内瑞拉石油公司新的债务和股权交易,禁止美方机构参与委内瑞拉公共部门现已发行的部分债券交易等。

委内瑞拉总统马杜罗严厉谴责美国对委进行金融制裁,并称美方制裁行为“非法”。委外长阿雷亚萨称正研究一系列反制裁措施,并呼吁联合国谴责美方霸权主义行为。

此轮制裁是美国就委内瑞拉举行制宪大会选举施加的第四轮制裁,之前三轮制裁均针对包括总统马杜罗在内的委政府前任和现任30多名高官。

马杜罗坦陈,新的金融制裁将对正在恢复中的委国内经济造成严重损伤。

负债较重的委政府和委石油公司今后将无法在国际公开市场中发行新债券来减轻旧债务的偿还压力,这将使委政府现有债务的违约可能性上升。

同时,美国的新制裁一定程度上可以影响委国内局势走向。外汇短缺将使委国内食品和生活必需品的进口量进一步下降,导致民众生活质量下降,对政府不满程度上升。委内瑞拉将在今年10月举行地方选举,明年年底将举行总统大选,美国试图通过制裁减少马杜罗的竞选资源,对委局势发展施加影响。

另一方面,根据委政府公布的数据,62%的委内瑞拉债券持有者是美国投资机构和个人,美方制裁行为实际上也伤害了自身利益。

不过,美方目前还没有宣布停止从委内瑞拉进口石油。委内瑞拉目前每天对美国出口约80万桶石油,是美国第四大石油供应国。美国南部多数炼油厂都专门加工从委内瑞拉进口的含硫量较高的重油。

当地舆论认为,虽然不排除美国在未来减少或停止进口委内瑞拉石油作为进一步制裁手段,但由于两国近几十年来经济关系紧密,制裁很可能是“伤敌一千自损八百”。

美国总统国家安全事务助理麦克马斯特当天排除了短期内对委采取军事行动的可能,使两国紧张的关系略微缓和。

委内瑞拉将从26日起举行为期两天的大型军民联合演习,以回应特朗普近期关于不排除对委动武的言论。马杜罗当天说,多名反对党领导人曾多次前往美国与美政府官员会晤,要求美国对委实施经济制裁和军事干预,他已要求最高法院和制宪大会对他们的“叛国行为”诉诸司法。

从短期看,美国对委的连续制裁措施和武力威胁恰恰印证了委政府一直以来指责美国对委发动“经济战”和企图颠覆委政权的观点,这可能使马杜罗政府以及委人民内部更加团结;但从中长期看,随着美国对委经济、金融制裁不断加码,对委内瑞拉经济的负面效应将逐步显现,马杜罗政府在管理经济和维持财政收支平衡上将面临严峻挑战。

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