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日本团队发现艾滋病毒传染之宿主蛋白
2017-08-15 11:21:20 中国青年网
日本东京医科齿科大学的研究团队发现了艾滋病毒HIV-1感染过程中所需的重要宿主蛋白质,该项研究成果有望应用于开发新型抗艾疗法。
此前人们已经知道,HIV-1在入侵CD4阳性T淋巴球及巨噬细胞等目标细胞时,要将病毒颗粒内的病毒核释放到目标细胞内(脱壳)。病毒核之中存在病毒RNA及逆转录酶等与病毒DNA合成及病毒核崩裂等密切相关的成份,但是,控制病毒核崩裂时机的机理却一直是不解之迷。
研究团队把目光聚焦于HIV-1的感染目标之一的T淋巴球,通过全基因组扫描筛选,发现T淋巴球内的磷酸化酶MELK对病毒核崩裂起控制作用。当T淋巴球中的MELK表达受到抑制后,再受到HIV-1病毒感染时,病毒核的崩裂就推迟,而且病毒DNA的合成也受到妨碍。
进一步的实验还发现,MELK通过对构成病毒核体外壳的HIV-1病毒壳体蛋白质(HIV-1CA)之特定氨基酸残基(CA Ser-149)进行逐步的磷酸化,从而对HIV-1病毒核的崩裂进行着控制。
这一发现,对于转变思路,开发针对宿主感染控制因子的治疗方案具有指导意义。针对病毒侧酶蛋白的治疗要面临一个困境,即艾滋病毒的酶蛋白极易变异。
该成果于2017年7月7日发表在美国科学杂志《PLOS Pathogens》电子版上。
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