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“科学”号卡罗琳海山发现“永恒爱情”海绵

2017-08-15 11:11:58   新华网

“发现”号采集到的偕老同穴海绵(8月14日摄)。新华社记者 张旭东 摄

新华社“科学”号8月15日电(记者张旭东)我国新一代远洋综合科考船“科学”号14日对人类从未探索过的西太平洋卡罗琳海山进行首次科学考察,采集到丰富的生物和地质样品,其中包括一株罕见的淡黄色海绵以及有永恒爱情象征的偕老同穴海绵。

海绵是多细胞动物中最原始而简单的一个类群,虽然经历几亿年的进化,组织器官仍然没有分化,没有口和消化腔,一般呈瓶状、圆柱状或高脚杯状,体壁表面有很多进水孔。一些海洋生物喜欢在海绵内栖居。

记者在采样篮内看到,一株约80厘米高的淡黄色海绵最为引人注意。科考队员表示,这么大且有颜色的海绵非常少见,一般海绵都是白色。

采集到的一株偕老同穴海绵高约50厘米,拥有精致的白色网络状形体,表面有晶体的刺。偕老同穴这一名称的由来和一种名为“俪虾”的小虾有关。这种小而纤弱的虾在很小时,常一雌一雄从海绵小孔中钻入,生活在海绵中既安全又能得到食物,随着小虾长大,它们在海绵体内再也出不来,成对相伴生活,直至寿终,因此人们把这种海绵称为偕老同穴。在一些国家和地区,偕老同穴海绵是永恒爱情的象征,其干制标本也被作为定情信物送给心上人。

本次下潜中,“发现”号还采集到了海胆、铠甲虾、海葵和珊瑚等生物样品。

科考队员介绍说,“科学”号搭载的“发现”号遥控无人潜水器对卡罗琳海山南麓的部分区域进行了精细考察,最初下潜深度约1500米,随后逐渐向上爬,发现的生物也越来越多。在7个多小时的作业中,“发现”号采集到了20多个生物样品、两块岩石样品和深海水体样品等。

海山又称海底山,是指从海底计高度超过1000米,但仍未突出海平面的隆起。卡罗琳海山位于地球最深处——马里亚纳海沟南侧,雅浦海沟东侧。

据“科学”号获得的最新地形扫描数据,按50米等深线计算,这座海山南北向长约15海里(27.78千米),东西向长约5海里(9.26千米),实际面积是海图测算面积的5倍多。海山最高处距海平面约28米,山顶部是一个椭圆形盆地。

“科学”号正在执行中国科学院战略性先导专项“热带西太平洋海洋物质能量交换及其影响”中的2017年卡罗琳海山航次,于8月7日从深圳起航,计划9月3日返回国内。

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