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上海科研团队获重要成果 寨卡病毒有了“克星”

2017-08-14 07:28:54   央广网

原标题:寨卡病毒有了“克星

本报讯 (记者 施捷 通讯员 孙国根)复旦大学基础医学院陆路、姜世勃研究团队与复旦大学附属公共卫生临床中心、军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所研究团队合作,经两年较短时间的艰辛攻关,终于在抗寨卡病毒药物研究中获重要进展——他们设计的“多肽类病毒灭活剂”,可以有效杀灭寨卡病毒,阻止其感染孕鼠及其胎儿,对研发防治寨卡病毒感染的药物具有重大意义。

寨卡病毒是一种有包膜、蚊媒传播的病毒,1947年首次在乌干达的恒河猴体内分离得到。这一病毒以前只是零星感染人类,然而2007年后出现人类爆发感染。 截至今年3月,全球约80多个国家或部落报道了该病毒的感染。为此,世界卫生组织将南美地区发生的寨卡病毒“暴发式传播”宣布为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”。

寨卡病毒感染人类,通常只引起低热、斑丘疹、关节疼痛、结膜炎等症状,但如感染孕妇,可能导致胎儿脑部先天性发育畸形,产生小头症等。同时,该病毒也是导致低热、斑丘疹、关节疼的古兰-巴雷综合征诱发原因之一。已有实验证明,寨卡病毒如感染雄性小鼠,会导致其睾丸受损,甚至不育。

姜世勃教授介绍说,迄今为止,全球没有可有效防治寨卡病毒感染的疫苗或药物,且目前的相关研究主要集中在抗寨卡病毒的小分子药物和抗体药物。而比小分子药物更安全、比抗体药物成本更低的多肽类药物,则是目前新兴药物的研究方向之一。

两年前,陆路、姜世勃研究团队首先对寨卡病毒E蛋白的序列进行分析和研究,先成功地研发出了一种能够灭活寨卡病毒的多肽候选药物(Z2)。结果发现,这种多肽可与寨卡病毒的表面蛋白结合,扰乱病毒表面稳态,导致病毒表面穿孔,病毒基因组释放,最终使病毒失去感染活性;体外细胞模型及体内动物模型上的实验结果,显示Z2多肽可较好地抑制寨卡病毒的感染。

进一步研究还发现,Z2多肽具有穿透胎盘屏障的能力,不仅能够降低寨卡病毒感染孕鼠血清中的病毒滴度,还能显著降低胎盘和胎儿寨卡病毒的感染率,阻止寨卡病毒的垂直传播。此外,该多肽灭活剂对孕鼠及胎鼠均表现出较好的安全性,有望发展为可防治寨卡病毒感染的新型药物,尤其适用于孕妇等寨卡病毒感染的高危人群。

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