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新闻分析:特朗普会对委内瑞拉动武吗

2017-08-12 15:17:34   新华网

新华社墨西哥城8月11日电 新闻分析:特朗普会对委内瑞拉动武吗

新华社记者裴剑容 徐烨 倪瑞捷

美国总统特朗普11日说,不排除对委内瑞拉采取军事行动的可能性。这是特朗普对委内瑞拉迄今为止作出的最强硬表态。分析人士认为,特朗普的言论意在对委施压,美真正出兵干涉的可能性不大。

在特朗普作出上述表态后,美国国防部发言人埃里克·帕洪当天对媒体说,国防部没有收到任何关于委内瑞拉的军事行动命令。

委内瑞拉与美国的关系自1999年委前总统查韦斯上台后一直处于紧张状态。两国自2010年7月以后一直没有互派大使。美国前总统奥巴马曾下令对多名委政府、军队高官和企业高管实施制裁。

特朗普上台后曾表示,委内瑞拉局势并不是其外交政策优先考虑的议题。但随着委紧张局势加剧,美对委态度日趋强硬。特朗普政府认为委现任总统马杜罗推动成立的制宪大会“非法”,美国财政部宣布对包括马杜罗在内的多名委内瑞拉官员实施制裁。

但从目前情况分析,美国出兵委内瑞拉进行干涉的可能性较低。

首先,美国长期以来把拉美视为自己的“后院”,维护拉美这个“近邻”的稳定有利于美国自身的国家利益。上海大学拉美研究中心主任江时学指出,美政府目前面临“通俄门”、朝鲜半岛问题等多个棘手问题,当前情况下美国不太可能在其“后院”开辟一个战场,美国主动把战火引到家门口的可能性很低。

委内瑞拉卡拉沃沃大学政治分析家安德烈斯·比利亚迭戈说,美国如果对委内瑞拉动武,势必会造成整个拉美地区的动荡和不安,这对美国来说得不偿失。

其次,美国如对委内瑞拉动武,将对已经陷入低谷的美拉关系造成更为严重的伤害,这也将进一步影响美国的国际形象。

特朗普自执政以来,在对拉美国家政策上表现出与奥巴马政府努力缓和美拉关系完全不同的态度:宣布重谈北美自贸协定、下令在美墨边境修建隔离墙、宣布收紧部分美国对古巴政策……美拉关系进入矛盾多发期。

比利亚迭戈说,拉美国家长期以来深受美国干涉之苦,美国若出兵委内瑞拉,势必将遭到所有拉美国家的集体反对,美拉关系将面临全面倒退的挑战。

江时学认为,特朗普若出兵委内瑞拉,对美国的形象将造成极大损害。虽然拉美国家对委内瑞拉局势态度不一,但可以肯定的是,拉美国家不愿意看到美国武力干涉委内瑞拉。

最后,对委内瑞拉进行军事干涉将对委内瑞拉经济造成致命打击,但也同时会损害美国的经济利益。委内瑞拉是美国第三大石油供应国,同时美国在委内瑞拉有巨额投资。如果美国出兵委内瑞拉,必然会导致两国贸易全面中断。

委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔大学能源问题专家戴维·帕拉维西尼认为,如果美国和委内瑞拉之间的石油贸易中断,美国难以轻易从第三国寻找替代进口石油,这可能对美国政治产生破坏性影响。

当前,委内瑞拉国内局势出现缓和的势头,首都加拉加斯街头的抗议示威活动有所减少。

恰恰就在特朗普对委内瑞拉发出军事威胁的前一天,马杜罗10日说,他已指示外交部长阿雷亚萨启动他与特朗普会晤的准备工作。他同时表示,委内瑞拉愿意与美国重建外交和政治关系,甚至建立合作关系,但他强调必须在互相尊重基础上发展与美国的双边关系。

分析人士认为,尽管特朗普对委措辞强硬,但政治解决委内瑞拉危机仍是大势所趋和各方优先选项。

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