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安倍改组内阁玩的就是“骑竹马”

2017-08-07 09:35:36   新华网

日本首相安倍近日改组内阁,意欲走活政局枯棋,但桥段老、戏本旧,无人喝彩。原因在于,此举表似吐故纳新,实则换汤存药,看不出其对沿袭五年的政策思维、施政作风有多大调整。新内阁侧重“组”,忽视“改”,玩的就是“骑竹马”的政治招数:貌似扬鞭跃马,实乃原地踏步。

安倍组阁深得自民党传统“裱糊”技巧真传,即借一干庸臣、俗吏之“头”平息众怒,提升民意。其新班子重山头、巧点缀,用老臣、点悍将。此举虽八面玲珑,但也置己于政局风口:2018年9月,自民党迎来总裁选举;同年底,众院解散大选。此期间,若再有阁僚丑闻缠身,则转圜余地全无。

日本舆论对此评点甚多:未突出问题导向及目标导向,面对已成国家“烂尾工程”的外交悬案、经济沉疴、债务危机、人口老化、朋党涉腐等大事要务,拿不出“猛药去疴”的良方及“壮士断腕”的决心——只求过得去,不求过得硬的选吏配僚逻辑,折射东京政坛或萧规曹随,涛声依旧。

日本政界棋局中的“相”与“僚”,党与国互相联动,构成系统:“僚”基于“政高官低”原则,听命于“相”,服从“首相官邸”指令;“相”通过政令、政策,贯彻党的政治路线,通过国会博弈,上升为国策。安倍当政五年,自民党“一党独大”,其既定国策仍将为新内阁保留。

首先,永田町力学逻辑未变。组阁前后,自民党内沉寂多年的派阀政治反弹,圈子文化复燃——细田派、麻生派、岸田派等独具自民党特色的组织元素跳跃闪动,瞄准“后安倍时代”,任人唯派、论资排辈、投桃报李,争权夺利的“小政治”风头日甚,置人心、民意等“大政治”于不顾。

其次,国家右倾走向未变。2012年以来,安倍政权驱国家航向“右满舵”,将政治资本投入制定安保法、修改和平宪法、为自卫队正名,力推“政治大国”建设——悠悠万事,唯此为大。安倍视之为自民党的历史使命,以及选吏配僚的政治标准,以保证新内阁继续推进日本循此航线疾驰。

再次,傍美抗华思维未变。五年来,安倍竭力推进针对中国的“俯瞰地球仪外交”,妄图在陆海两线构筑地缘政治“抗华包围网”,对美外交全面“倾斜”,对周边外交则物色发展抗中合作对象;尤其在涉台关系上破坏政治“规矩”,突破两国建交45年的禁区,派副总务大臣参加台正式活动。

如上所见,新内阁起锚前行之际,外交安全形势乱云飞渡,进退维谷;若抱残守缺,不变航线,必为形势左右。从内阁人事布局看,新防长小野寺“鹰魂”不散,新外长河野“鸽羽”未丰,一硬一柔之搭配,或预示日本对华外交将做小幅调整;安倍肯定“一带一路”倡议,应是形势变化使然。

俄美德的亚太问题专家嗅觉敏锐,认为“中日政治关系的黑暗隧道出现光亮,乃美中日战略三角关系重大变化的直接结果”;东京“为不被美中关系埋没”,“开始认真考虑没有美国主导的全新外交政策”,欲“拉近与中国的距离”,给日美关系“再加一道保险”:形势比人强的道理正是如此。

日本部分人士也认为,美退出《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》,等于“从背后捅日本一刀”;故而对华外交“应重视经济关系”,“借助中国经济实力为本国利益服务”。当然,反对声音也不小。他们担忧,“在美中关系进入脆弱和高风险重构过程之际”,“日本若优先经济而急于走近中国会有风险”。

日本朝野围绕中日关系定向,两派对垒,观点分明,从战后中日关系发展重要节点的决策过程看,此乃日本对华政策调整前兆。2017年9月是中日邦交正常化45周年,2018年是两国和平友好条约缔结40周年。值此庆典,安倍新内阁应调整消极思维,养成良好合作习惯,顺时应势,与华为善;守规矩、重承诺、见行动,推动两国关系健康发展。(陆忠伟 作者系中国现代国际关系研究院原院长)

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