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欧盟是否承认中国市场经济地位仍迷雾重重

2016-07-23 10:09:58    中国青年报  |  

经过7月20日欧委会委员会议就有关“在反倾销调查中给予中国的待遇”的方向性辩论,欧盟在承认中国“市场经济地位”这一问题上的路径选择,似乎更加明朗。然而,在欧盟这一最新路径选择倾向的背后,依然是暗礁重重,前景依然并不明朗。

“三个路径”并不新鲜

根据7月20日欧委会委员会议结束后的文件,委员们当日就是否承认“中国市场经济地位”这一问题讨论了三个路径:一是保持现状,二是把中国从“非市场经济”名单中剔除,三是用新的方式改变目前的反倾销方法,保持强有力的贸易防御体系,同时履行欧盟的国际义务。

在中国社会科学院欧洲研究所欧盟法研究室副主任叶斌看来,上述三条路径“并不新鲜”。叶斌对中国青年报·中青在线记者表示,事实上,在今年1月欧盟委员会公布的一份影响评估概念文件中,就已经提出了与上述三条路径几乎一致的“路线图”。但有一处不同——在第三条路径的表述中,1月的那份报告明确表示,在加强贸易防御立法体系的同时,要把中国从“非市场经济”的名单中剔除;但7月20日,在欧委会讨论后发布的新闻稿中,并没有明确提及要把中国从“非市场经济”的名单中剔除,而是较为模糊地表达为“履行欧盟的国际义务”。

“就业”是欧盟的主要考量

事实上,从1月份欧盟给出的评估报告来看,对于三个路径的选择后果,欧盟都已经有了细致的分析。

如果选择第一条路线,即保持现状不变,则会有一个“明显的风险”,即“导致欧盟违反WTO的义务,并可能会遭受挑战、导致索赔”。此外,如果选择这条道路,在“经济上的成本在现阶段很难量化”。

如果选择第二条路线,在欧盟看来,经济上的成本则很明显。截至2015年年底,有52个针对中国为原国产品的(反倾销)措施,占欧盟发起的反倾销案件总数近8成。“这占欧盟对华进口的1.38%,这些反倾销案涉及的产业关乎25万个就业岗位”,“如果不采取缓解措施,从长期的就业影响来看,可能导致6.36万个至21万个的就业岗位损失(包括间接的上游和下游的潜在损失)”。

如果选择第三条路线,则“很难预测确切影响”。粗略估计,“在采取了缓解措施后,可以将选择第二条路径的影响至少降低一半”。

根据7月20日的欧委会委员会议辩论记录,欧委会已基本同意要朝第三个路径迈进,即:“欧盟在遵守WTO框架下的国际义务同时,在国际贸易环境中,欧洲要有能够面对现实(尤其是应对已存在的产能过剩问题)的贸易防御工具。”

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