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主食该多还是少?不应抛开基数与比例谈总量

2017-09-06 09:02:17   新华网

 《柳叶刀》论文观点被某公号解读为“多吃主食死得早”,营养学专家直言——

  主食该多还是少?不应抛开基数与比例谈总量

8月29日,著名医学期刊 《柳叶刀》发表有关PURE研究的两篇论文。论文通过针对18个国家35岁—70岁居民大型流行病学队列研究,得出结论:高碳水化合物摄入与总死亡率的风险增加相关,而总脂肪、个别种类的脂肪酸摄入与总死亡率降低有关;总脂肪、脂肪酸类型与心血管疾病、心肌梗死或心血管疾病死亡率无关,而饱和脂肪酸摄入与脑卒中负相关。

这篇论文,随即被某公号解读为“多吃主食死得早”广泛传播。记者就此采访权威专家。

论文引用数据早已过时

论文引用的PURE研究,使用食物频率法,调查了18个国家35岁—70岁的成年人共135335人,随访了近十年。上海市营养学会副理事长、复旦大学附属华东医院营养科主任孙建琴直言,论文引用的数据已经过时,其中关于中国居民的饮食结构引用“碳水化合物供能比75%、脂肪供能比12%”,已与我国实际情况明显不符。2012年全国居民营养调查发现,我国居民碳水化合物供能比53%,脂肪供能比32%(部分大城市供能比36%)。

“高碳水化合物摄入与总死亡率风险增加相关,这一说法本身没错。”孙建琴说,但要论及科学性,应具体情况具体分析。所谓的高碳水化合物(论文引用为75%),属于改革开放初期我国居民膳食结构水平,当时居民“主食多、油水少”,导致营养不良,确实会增加一定死亡率;但近30年来,我国居民膳食结构早已发生巨大改变,饭越吃越少、脂肪摄入越来越多,已导致肥胖、慢性病、肿瘤等一系列发病率提升。目前,我国居民碳水化合物供能比符合健康要求,反倒是脂肪供能比超出世卫组织提倡的30%上限,由论文狭隘引出“多吃主食死得早”,误导了居民的科学膳食认知。

 我国未达“主食吃多”地步

上海交通大学医学院营养系主任蔡美琴明确,网络所谓对于吃主食观点的颠覆,完全是无稽之谈,“抛开基数与比例谈总量一定是错误的”。按照膳食指南推荐,我国居民每日摄入250克至400克谷薯类食物,碳水化合物摄入供能比是55%至65%,与论文中具有危险性的碳水化合物供能比77%还相去甚远,“与欧美国家相比,亚洲国家居民碳水化合物摄入量较高,但远非达到所谓‘主食吃多了’的地步”。

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