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教育部新编教材投用 更能培育国家意识

2017-09-05 10:05:44   央广网

从孩提时代的启蒙教育开始,对青少年实施什么样的教育,要求他们读什么、学什么,这关乎孩子的成长,是决定孩子长大后走什么路、做什么人的大是大非问题,从某种意义上说,关乎国家、民族的未来和希望。启蒙时期一篇优秀的文章、一本高品位的图书,可能影响孩子终生。相反,一篇劣质文章或者坏书,可能让孩子一生走偏了方向。彼此相反的例证,历史上不胜枚举。正因为如此,世界上任何一个国家,都把青少年的教材作为国家工程看待。日本政府也极其重视教材问题,不过他们是千方百计掩盖罪恶、伪造历史。这些年因为教材问题,日本没少和邻国打文墨官司:撤掉南京大屠杀的内容、否定二战的罪恶史、改写钓鱼岛的历史归属,都在他们的教材编写中有过反映,显示了这个“二战”中的法西斯国家的虚伪和顽固。在意识形态领域的两种价值观的斗争表现日趋复杂剧烈的背景下,我们却在某些时候不仅缺少应有的警惕,甚至会有某些迎合西方价值观的非常错误的做法。这对青少年的健康成长极其有害,这种危害已经越发为社会所重视。所以,国家职能部门以行政手段对中小学教材实施统一规范和编写,在当前异常复杂的意识形态领域的斗争中,这是一种主动出击加强防范的重要举措。

细读新编教材,我们可以发现许多崭新的亮点。比如道德与法治教材,突出德法兼修、强化实践体验,全面系统落实社会主义核心价值观;而语文教材则采取“语文素养”和“人文精神”相结合的方式编排教材;历史教材则采取点线结合的方式编排内容。按照这样一个原则,语文教材注重落实中华传统文化的教育,选用古诗文的数量有所增加,并且体裁多样——小学有古诗文129篇,初中有132篇,从诸子散文到历史散文,从两汉论文到唐宋古文、明清小品文,均有呈现。与此同时,我们还能惊喜地发现,革命历史传统教育的内容被予以特别重视,一些革命传统教育的经典篇目被收入课本,如《纪念白求恩》《为人民服务》《清贫》《吃水不忘挖井人》《朱德的扁担》《黄河颂》等。历史教材中涉及老一辈革命家40多位,完整地介绍了中华民族14年英勇抗战的历史,突出了中国共产党建立和不断发展的历史,及其在抗战中的中流砥柱作用;同时还注重加强民族团结教育、国家主权教育、国际常识教育,以此为依托讲述西藏、新疆、台湾及附属岛屿钓鱼岛、南海诸岛等作为我国领土不可分割的一部分的历史渊源。道德与法治教材突出讲述了革命领袖、英雄人物、革命故事等具有代表性的内容,把“井冈山精神”“长征精神”“延安精神”“西柏坡精神”“两弹一星精神”“载人航天精神”等作为教育下一代继承发扬的伟大品格。

为开阔学生视野、从小培养孩子放眼看世界的远大胸怀,新编语文教材的选文融汇了世界名家名篇,包括高尔基的《海燕》、雨果的《就英法联军远征中国致巴特勒上尉的信》、培根的《谈读书》、安徒生的《皇帝的新装》、笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》等等。可以说,新编教材考虑了一名少年成长所需的多方面的精神、思想营养。

俗话说,老吃偏食的孩子会引起营养不良症。同样,这句话用在孩子读书上更是至理名言。一个孩子的全面成长,需要多方面的知识给养,政治、道德、历史、文学、哲学等等,这会影响孩子的终生喜好和理想选择。这一切,必须有一个基本的原则,那就是:我们的教育,必须从孩子开始,培养爱国家、爱党、爱集体,有理想、有情怀,具有国家意识和人文情怀的新一代。如果社会流行什么就教什么,甚至把一些与我们当代主流价值观格格不入的东西灌输给孩子,那无疑是误人子弟、祸害未来,无疑是教育的巨大失败。从这个意义上说,国家教育部这次花大力对中小学教材实施改编,是顺应民意、着眼未来、利在千秋的一项重大举措,我们理当为此点赞。

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