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国企员工持股不是一“持”就灵

2017-08-30 04:50:26   新华网

制图:方靖婷

【财经论语】

几天前,陕煤新型能源公司在完成混合所有制改革后,115名员工通过持股平台合计出资4000万元,持股9.76%,成为陕西省首个员工持股的国有企业。

而在千里外的江西,今年6月,作为该省首批试点的江铜国贸正式启动员工持股混合所有制改革,通过员工持股,建立利益共享机制,正向激励管理团队的积极性和创造性。

随着中国联通混改大幕的拉开,上市公司员工持股改革也引来投资者关注。全国目前推动实施员工持股计划的省市已有20余个。

其实,员工持股并非是一个新生事物。早在上世纪80年代就有国企开始“吃螃蟹”,尝试职工持股改革,如北京天桥百货股份有限公司在股份改制时设立了个人股。然而这一轮热潮的后期却因出现内部职工股超比例、超范围现象,在上世纪90年代初被叫停。

此后的上世纪90年代中后期,面对大量人员下岗分流的现实,一些企业让部分职工收购国有资产或进行持股。这一轮改革在后期出现一些缺乏规范的管理层收购行为,造成了国有资产流失,这些历史给了改革实践者很多思考和警示。

作为混合所有制改革的重要组成部分,员工持股必然会成为下一步国企改革的重要“破冰点”。在当前经济下行、国企经营压力加大的背景下,推动央企员工持股对改革脱困、企业降成本、激发企业活力将会起到积极作用。

然而多个企业的实践也证明,员工持股并非一“持”就灵。哪些企业可以试点,如何发挥持股的激励约束效果,持股激励的目标群体是哪些,制度究竟怎么安排,这些问题都需要在实践中继续摸索。

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