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逐梦春天的“候鸟”——追记“农田院士”朱英国

2017-08-28 15:56:05   新华网

新华社武汉8月28日电   题:逐梦春天的“候鸟”——追记“农田院士”朱英国

新华社记者廖翊、李伟、俞俭

“水稻候鸟”“农田院士”,人们这样称呼朱英国。

朱英国是著名遗传学家和水稻生物学家,中国杂交水稻研究的先驱和中国杂交水稻事业重要奠基人之一,武汉大学教授,中国工程院院士。

从上世纪70年代初起,每年秋天,朱英国候鸟般从江汉平原来到广西南宁;严冬将至,又转到海南育种,直到第二年春天。

冬“衔”稻种来,春“含”新种归,是“水稻候鸟”朱英国近半个世纪的真实写照。

今年8月9日,朱英国因病医治无效在武汉去世。

“育稼与民,功越神农。”人们以各种方式,缅怀为中国粮食安全奋斗一生的育种人。

年少立志:为苍生不再挨饿

1939年11月,朱英国出生在大别山深处的湖北省罗田县一个贫苦农民家庭。

“我从小到大,每天在脑子里打转的,最折磨人的两个字就是粮食。”朱英国这样回忆。

当个农业科学家,让天下人不挨饿,成为他懂事后的最大梦想。

1959年,朱英国高中毕业参加高考,填报志愿时,连填三个“武汉大学生物系”。

朱英国从未走出大别山,不知道武汉在哪里,只听说武汉大学好,在那里学生物、学农业错不了!

他如愿考入武汉大学生物系植物遗传专业。1964年,以优异成绩毕业并留校任教,开始投身于水稻雄性不育与杂交水稻的研究。

水稻是中国人的主粮之一,栽种历史悠久。历经漫长岁月和反复的近亲繁殖,种子退化现象严重。新中国成立初期,全国水稻平均亩产只有150公斤,有些地方甚至只有几十公斤。选育新的优良杂交水稻品种,解决中国人吃饭问题,成为中国最紧迫的课题。

1972年,杂交水稻研究列为国家重点科研项目。朱英国担任武汉大学杂交水稻科研小组组长。

杂交品种的选育极为繁复,每一对品种都要从成千上万的品种中去挑选,需要不断试种、反复回交,寻找精准的科学数据。水稻是喜温作物,育种只能在春天进行,在湖北一年只能搞一季。要加快研究、培育进度,只有去广西、海南。

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