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我国第二大内陆河科学分水 沙源湖泊13年波光粼粼

2017-08-27 09:45:46   中国青年网

新华社呼和浩特8月27日电(记者于嘉)记者27日从水利部黄河水利委员会黑河流域管理局获悉,我国第二大内陆河黑河2000年起实施水资源统一管理调度以来,截至8月20日,黑河尾闾湖——内蒙古自治区额济纳旗境内的东居延海实现连续13年不干涸,周边风沙明显减少,植被得以恢复。

水利部黄河水利委员会黑河流域管理局局长刘钢说,黑河水量调度改善了流域生态环境,东居延海目前水域面积达41.3平方公里,库容6620万立方米。

驻足东居延海湖畔,一缕秋阳洒向湖面,粼粼波光映衬着芦苇,鸥鹭在其间嬉戏,时而高飞,时而点水。很难想象,上世纪八九十年代,因黑河水资源过度开发,下游地区大河断流、湖泊消失,额济纳旗刮起的风沙日益严重,成为我国北方主要的沙尘暴策源地。

据额济纳旗水务、林业等部门的调查数据显示,实施科学分水以来,黑河下游额济纳绿洲地下水位平均回升1米以上,特别是近5年来,一度濒临枯死的胡杨、柽柳得到抢救性保护,新增林草地面积约100平方公里,植被盖度增加,沙尘暴逐年减弱,在东居延海栖息的候鸟种类从十几种、数千只,增加到73种、3万余只。

36岁的南丁长年生活在东居延海西侧的赛汉桃来苏木。“湖面一眼望不到边,芦苇长得比人高,前些年因为生态恶化而搬走的人又回来了。”他说。

刘钢表示,黑河中游地区优化种植结构,提高计划用水和节约用水意识,改善了引水秩序。下游开展围栏封育、退耕退牧还草等措施,提高了生态用水效率,有关地区都为黑河流域生态文明建设作出贡献。

据了解,黑河水量统一调度以来,共实施引水口“全线闭口、集中下泄”措施58次、1387天。每年集中调水期间,水利部黄河水利委员会黑河流域管理局都派出督查组,分赴中、下游地区巡回检查,维持水量调度秩序。

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