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境外投资13年宽与紧:监管层鼓励什么?担心什么?

2017-08-27 07:50:49   中国经济网

这是一次酝酿了半年的“刹车”行动。

指导这次刹车行动的是《关于进一步引导和规范境外投资方向的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》),8月18日由国务院发布,按“鼓励发展+负面清单”模式引导和规范企业境外投资方向,正式明确了中国将要鼓励、限制和禁止的三类境外投资活动,限制房地产、酒店、影城、娱乐业、体育俱乐部等领域的境外投资。

2017年8月24日,商务部新闻发言人高峰在例行发布会上针对《指导意见》执行和落实的表态中明确提到了:“确保企业境外投资行稳致远,确保‘一带一路’建设顺利推进,确保国家金融安全和经济安全;坚持对外开放的战略方向不动摇,坚持推进‘走出去’战略不动摇,坚持防范境外投资风险的原则不动摇”。

“三个确保、三个不动摇”的提出,进一步明确了对外投资的监管思路。对外经济贸易大学教授、中国与全球化智库高级研究员崔凡对经济观察报表示,《指导意见》的出台,使得监管思路终于有章可循,监管思路也逐渐明晰。一方面,是对“一带一路”的进一步鼓励;另一方面,则是控制资本外逃风险。

其实,眼下这场针对境外投资的刹车行动,早在去年年底就已经揭开了序幕。

2016年11月28日,国家发改委等四部委就曾发声要加强境外投资领域的监管,重点关注“个别企业或个人通过对外投资渠道来转移资产”的行为,并将继续“对所有境外投资交易推行备案制管理,且将对跨境投资交易实施严格审核”。

此后,局势逐渐发生变化。

商务部公布数据显示,2017年1到7月,我国境内投资者对境外企业新增非金融类直接投资572亿美元,同比下降44.3%。其中房地产业、文化、体育和娱乐业对外投资同比分别下降81.2%和79.1%,仅占同期对外投资总额的2%和1%。

从2004年中国出台第一份规范境外投资的文件——《关于境外投资开办企业核准事项的规定》,到2009年出台《境外投资管理办法》,再到2017年8月18日下发的《指导意见》,中国关于境外投资的政策文件不断修订和变化。

3份文件,勾勒出了过去13年间政府部门对中国企业海外投资监管方式的变化路径:由限制到放开、再到最近的“点刹”式规范。这背后,闪现的是中国境外投资主体、投资规模和方式在不同阶段的演化。

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