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“草光互补”模式改善生态环境--青海共和县塔拉滩草地植被得到修复

2017-08-24 14:52:24   新华网

新华社西宁8月24日电(记者骆晓飞、邓万里)“这里以前全是荒漠沙地,自从发展光伏产业后,通过反哺生态建设,极大地改善了当地环境。”青海省海南藏族自治州共和县铁盖乡哈汗土亥村村民马生兴说。

土亥村紧邻共和县塔拉滩生态光伏发电园区。这里过去曾经是一望无际的大草原,然而由于气候变化、超载放牧等原因,塔拉滩土地沙漠化加剧。据2009年青海省荒漠化土地监测,塔拉滩地区沙化土地面积占总土地面积的98.5%。

“生态环境的恶化,不仅对当地群众生产生活造成威胁,也严重影响着不远处的黄河生态安全。”共和县林业局副局长王东彪说。

近年来,随着青海省在海南共和盆地大力推进光伏产业发展,塔拉滩依托其丰富的太阳能资源,在短短几年内就已拥有全球最大的水光互补光伏电站群。数据显示,“十二五”以来,青海光伏以平均每年100万千瓦的速度有序增长,年均增速达58%,光伏已经成为青海电网第二大电源。

在光伏电站建设中,当地政府本着绿色发展理念,先后投资2.84亿元,建设防风林带134公里,栽植各类苗木220万株,建成了59.9公里的园区柏油交通路网。

地方政府和入驻企业也达成协议,要求始终将生态保护理念融入其中,探索“草光互补”模式,开展“光伏产业带动生态建设”项目,即在光伏电站种植牧草。

“这不仅推动了土地资源的高效利用,而且能在一定程度上改善水土流失和水源涵养,植被形成的绿色屏障还能改善光伏电站周边的环境,降低风沙对光伏电站造成的损失。”黄河水电公司海南新能源发电部副总经理刘启栋说。

经过几年的探索实践,以退化草场为主的塔拉滩光伏产业园区草地植被正在得到修复,“草光互补”模式给当地的生态环境带来显著改善。刘启栋说,这一区域的风速降低约50%,蒸发量减少约30%。

来自共和县气象局的监测数据显示,今年3—5月,共和地区降水量为69.9mm,较常年偏多14%;蒸发量为388.5mm,较常年偏少26.6%;沙丘向东南方向移动5.9米,高度较上年降低0.43米,移动距离和移动速度呈明显减缓态势。

如今,走进塔拉滩,成片的戈壁荒漠已很少看到,在大片的电池板下面,种植的牧草郁郁葱葱,不时还有野鸡飞过。

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