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分布式光伏电价为啥难降

2017-08-21 17:50:10   中国经济网

“5月至6月,供不应求,客户不停催货;7月开始,新上的项目,标杆电价下降了0.13元/千瓦时,现在为0.85元/千瓦时,客户担心回本时间拉长了。”提及分布式光伏,19日,青岛一家新能源公司的王姓项目经理抱怨说。这是我国分布式光伏行业正在发生微妙变化的一个缩影——装机增长明显,下调后的新标杆电价仍明显高于国内煤电、核电、水电的价格。

度电成本下降是“十三五”期间光伏业的主要任务之一,是什么导致了光伏发电价格居高不下?土地、设备等难降的投资成本之下,分布式光伏投资商如何权衡收益与投资?

屋顶租金越来越高

国家能源局数据统计,上半年光伏电站新增装机1700万千瓦左右,分布式光伏新增700万千瓦,为2016年同期新增规模的近3倍,居民分布式户用装机数量是去年同期的7倍;另一方面,下调后的新标杆电价仍偏高。晶科能源今年5月中标的阿布扎比1177兆瓦Sweihan光伏独立发电项目电价已低至2.42美分/千瓦时(折合人民币0.167元/千瓦时)。据悉,3-4美分/千瓦时的光伏电价在中东、南美等许多国家和地区很常见,那么,我国本土光伏电价为何居高不下?

“分布式光伏的屋顶租金越来越高,从业以来,亲身经历了每平方米每年2-3元到如今的每平方米7-8元,甚至是10元。”19日上午,一大型新能源公司山东市场项目部颜姓经理(下称“颜先生”)透露,这也折射出分布式光伏逐渐攀升的成本。

采访中经济导报记者获悉,土地性质的确认也是导致分布式光伏价格高企的原因之一。18亿亩耕地红线之下,光伏电站多选择在一般农用地、荒山林地上建设,“国土部门和林业部门,对于土地的定性会有差异,”一位受访的分布式光伏投资商分析说,国家层面鼓励“林光互补”,但林地植被恢复费现在已经从每平方米2元上涨到3元,灌木林从每平方米3元提升至不低于6元。安置补偿、征地补偿、地面附着物补偿等费用叠加,土地成本有增无减。一个20兆瓦的农业光伏项目,土地经流转或者转变性质变为建设用地后,新增的成本至少要2000万元以上。

“同样面积的一块地,地面光伏电站和农光互补电站(温室大棚或者无棚喜阴作物等)的模式不同,投入和产出也截然不同。”中建材信息技术股份有限公司新能源事业部山东区域总监陈安东,19日上午接受经济导报记者采访时举例说,“农光互补模式还要增加金属支架、施工人力、设备等投入,且同样面积下其装机规模只能达到地面光伏装机规模的7-8成。”

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