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从《建军大业》《战狼2》到《二十二》:让电影更像电影
舒 弥
根据CBO实时票房榜显示的数据,截至8月21日,已经上映26天的《战狼2》票房为51.6亿元,且实时票房依旧高居榜首;《建军大业》票房超过3.8亿元;《二十二》上映8天,票房达1.3亿元,实时票房榜上暂居第三。 综观这三部电影,前二者属于通常所说的“主旋律”,后者为纪录片,虽然票房成绩各有高低,但集中反映出了今年暑期电影市场的一些新趋向——创作者在着重讲“人”的故事,观众的观影选择渐趋理性多元。
《二十二》:首部票房破亿元的纪录片
《二十二》是一部记录中国幸存“慰安妇”的纪录片,选在了8月14日世界“慰安妇”纪念日这一天上映,当天排片1.5%,票房300万元。彼时,同处“正在上映”中的影片有持续半个多月火热的《战狼2》《建军大业》,以及8月11日登上银幕的《心理罪》《鲛珠传》《侠盗联盟》,在这样的夹缝中,《二十二》的票房生机可说是渺茫。
“内容正确、票房惨淡”,几乎是纪录片逃不过的命运魔咒。2014年9月10日,“中国首部公益电影”《有一天》上映,该片由9个温暖励志的小故事组成,讲述9个弱势儿童群体追梦的故事,邀请到周迅、张涵予、安以轩、徐帆等12位明星零片酬参演,上映前有众多明星发起“支持公益”“关爱弱势群体”的网络声援,而且全国很多院线票价仅为6元,但最终票房刚过200万元。两年后,纪录片《我们诞生在中国》上映,该片由陆川执导,周迅担任中文解说,是一部美国、中国、英国联合拍摄的动物纪录片,讲述大熊猫、雪豹、金丝猴3种中国珍稀野生动物家庭的暖心成长与生命轮回的故事——强大而专业的出品、制作方以及受亲子观影欢迎的题材,使本片最终收获票房6500万元。同在2016年上映的另一部纪录片《我在故宫修文物》就没这么好运,12月16日上映之前,已有同名的三集纪录片在网络上刷下了上佳口碑,可谓“珠玉在前”,而同名纪录片票房仅为646万元。
其实,从题材属性而言,《二十二》和之前的《有一天》很相似,都是关注特殊群体,表现手法也有相通之处:《有一天》“并没有用一种比谁更惨的拍摄手法去描绘那些群体的生活状况”;《二十二》的导演郭柯说,“与这些老人相处后发现她们就如普通老人一样平静温和,我从中体会到作为一个晚辈面对这些老人应有的态度——把她们当作自己的亲人,我的拍摄就有了分寸,问题就有了底线。”
奇迹的出现离不开“时”与“势”。《有一天》上映那年,郭柯刚启动《二十二》的拍摄,并得到了演员张歆艺的资助,上映前,她曾恳请导演冯小刚在微博上帮助宣传该片;上映后,虽然首日排片和票房堪忧,但微信等社交平台上出现了大量“自来水”,几大电影类公众号和不少自媒体都在为这部纪录片摇旗呐喊,一些传统媒体也跟进做了报道。
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