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朱清科:踏破荒原野岭 回首绿水青山

2017-08-18 17:22:53   央广网

朱清科(中)和学生们在野外开展调查研究

陕西省吴起县位于黄土高原沟壑区,早些年水土流失现象明显。然而在2006年以后,当地基于黄土高原地形和水分条件精准造林,取得了显著的生态、社会和经济效益,还建成了全国第一个退耕还林森林公园。而这幕后的功臣,就是北京林业大学水土保持学院教授朱清科。

1956年,朱清科出生在宁夏固原的一个铁匠家庭。固原所在地区水土流失较为严重,因此,朱清科从小就有了改变家乡环境的想法。1978年,朱清科考入北京林学院学习水土保持专业。毕业后,他来到陕西杨凌西北林学院工作。

上世纪九十年代,朱清科和同事在山西省吉县做科研调查时发现,该县地形地貌典型,水土流失现象明显,对黄土高原的水土流失治理具有非常典型的科研试验价值。为了让这个发现得到科学数据的支撑,他们在条件非常有限的情况下,对选定的流域开展小班调查。这些调查区域往往几十里都看不到人烟,更谈不上乘坐交通工具了。他们咬着牙,一天走上百里路去了解实地情况,掌握了第一手数据,为后来几十年的科研工作奠定了坚实基础。

2005年,朱清科负责牵头申报的“山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站”跻身科技部首批批准的国家级研究站,为拓展区域代表性和研究解决林业生态工程建设面临的困难立地植被构建技术难关。

第二年,为了让吉县研究站的成功得到推广,朱清科又投入到了陕西省吴起县的调查工作中。在吴起县3790平方公里的土地上,朱清科背着沉重的调查仪器,带领学生翻山越岭,走遍各个乡镇,通过建立10公里网格点的方法,找到了39个小流域。

山区经常会有各种毒蛇出没。调研时,朱清科总会走在学生前面,拿长棍“打草惊蛇”。“有一次那条蛇立起来看着我,离我只有五六米,我不敢走了,就拿着棍子盯着它看,僵持了大概十几分钟,最终它没有我坚持的时间长,跑了。”朱清科回忆说。

朱清科(中)

在朱清科工作的地方有这么一个说法:如果当地人对哪条路不熟悉,就得去问朱教授。老百姓信服“老朱”,因为他知山知水“招数”灵,因为他想着帮农民致富。

在陕北的时候,当地人在高速路边挖坑种灌木。朱清科判断这个陡坡绿化要失败,提出“打孔深栽”——不是浅坑直播,而是打深孔,栽深根苗。这样能让树木吸收到土壤30厘米以下的水分。这种方法简单又奏效,广泛推广开来。在青海,朱清科创新性地将宁夏枸杞引入当地农林复合建设树种中,实实在在帮当地农民增收致富。

几十年来,朱清科除了学校工作,其余时间基本上都奉献给了科研基地。“我的这一生,三分之一在固原,三分之一在陕西,三分之一在北京,各二十年左右。最幸福的事,就是看到荒山变绿,看到学生成才。”朱清科说。(线索来源:央广网人民网 新华网)

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