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新华社上海8月18日电(记者王琳琳、刘畅)记者从中科院神经科学研究所获悉,该所研究团队揭示了痒觉从脊髓传递到大脑的一条重要环路,为揭示痒觉信息加工的脑内环路机制及探索慢性痒的治疗方案提供了重要基础。
该研究成果18日在线发表于国际期刊《科学》杂志上。
科学家认为,当我们接受外界瘙痒刺激时,皮肤里的感觉神经末梢把外界瘙痒信息加工成特殊的电信号,这些电信号经由感觉神经纤维传递到脊髓神经元,最后报告给大脑。
痒的信息被传送到脊髓后是如何处理的呢?该研究利用脑片电生理、在体光纤钙成像等技术手段解析了一条从脊髓向大脑传递痒觉信息的神经环路,发现脊髓中的痒觉细胞并不直接将痒觉信息传递到大脑,而是要间接通过另外一类神经细胞将痒觉信息传递到位于大脑脑干的臂旁核。该研究还进一步证明了臂旁核是痒觉信息处理环路中的关键节点,并且该脑区在慢性痒和过敏性痒中具有重要作用。
中科院神经科学研究所研究员孙衍刚介绍说,臂旁核是大脑中加工处理瘙痒信息的第一站,地位十分重要。抑制臂旁核的活性,可以大大减少痒觉抓挠行为,或将有效缓解急性和慢性瘙痒疾病。
孙衍刚表示,现在临床上有多种抗组胺类止痒药,但是多数情况下这些药物疗效并不显著。这是由于部分瘙痒并不依赖于组胺。这些非组胺依赖的瘙痒症令医生束手无策。该研究发现,抑制臂旁核不仅可以缓解组胺依赖型瘙痒,同样可以缓解非组胺依赖型瘙痒。如果能特异性针对臂旁核中瘙痒信息处理相关神经元设计药物进行阻断,将对各类瘙痒都有显著疗效。
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