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专访:让中国转基因鲤鱼尽快“游”向餐桌——访中科院院士朱作言

2017-08-14 10:58:59   新华网

新华社北京8月14日电 专访:让中国转基因鲤鱼尽快“游”向餐桌——访中科院院士朱作言

新华社记者 彭茜 林小春

最近,一家美国公司宣布其转基因三文鱼已上市销售,这是第一种获准上人类餐桌的转基因动物产品。鲜为人知的是,全球最早培育成功转基因鱼的是中国科学家。那为什么中国的转基因鱼迟迟未能上市?

中国科学院院士朱作言就此接受新华社记者专访时说,有关转基因食品的科学知识还需加强普及,打消公众的疑虑,推动中国拥有完全自主知识产权的转基因鲤鱼——冠鲤尽快“游”向人们的餐桌。

朱作言是中国科学院水生生物研究所研究员。他介绍说,早在1983年他们就研究转基因鱼,1985年正式发表了世界首批转基因鱼培育成功的论文,比西方同行领先3年以上。后来研究团队将草鱼生长因子的基因植入黄河鲤,经多代选育出冠鲤。

他还记得初次品尝冠鲤时的口感:一条红烧冠鲤被端上餐桌,吃起来味道鲜美,肉质细嫩,“从口感上并不能区别冠鲤和黄河鲤”。

“与对照组的鲤鱼比较,在同等养殖条件下,冠鲤生长速度更快,当年可达到上市规格,养殖周期缩短一半,减少养殖成本和人力投入,降低养殖风险;且冠鲤的品质与对照鲤相似,并没有因为长得快而不好吃。”朱作言说。

北美上市的转基因三文鱼体内植入了鲑鱼家族中体型最大的太平洋奇努克三文鱼的生长激素基因,以促进其快速生长。与之相似,冠鲤体内植入了生长速度快的草鱼的基因。因此,冠鲤体内含有微量草鱼生长激素。

但这不影响食用安全,吃一条冠鲤所摄入激素的量也只是相当于吃两条普通鲤鱼。并且鱼类生长激素是一种蛋白质,经过蒸、煮、炒等烹调加工后,就分解为氨基酸而失去激素的生理功能,并非对人体健康有影响的类固醇激素。

武汉大学基础医学院、国家食品安全风险评估中心已对冠鲤进行了营养学、毒理学和致敏性研究,系统评价并证实冠鲤与黄河鲤实质等同,食用同样安全。

至于冠鲤是否会逃到野外造成“基因污染”,朱作言团队从分子、个体、种群和群落等不同层面进行生态学研究后发现,冠鲤生存力比普通鲤鱼低,即使与普通鲤鱼交配产生后代,也不会形成优势种群而带来“基因污染”。研究团队还培育出了三倍体鲤鱼“吉鲤”,就像无籽西瓜一样,不能产生可繁育的后代,从根本上避免了风险。

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