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【砥砺奋进的五年】富民合作社掘金美丽乡村:空房不再养麻雀 统一打理赚分红

2017-08-10 20:27:52   中国青年网

新华报业网讯 炎炎夏日,江苏溧阳南山竹海景区的李家园村快乐家园,青山环抱,竹海清幽,迎来了一拨又一拨的消暑客。村民陶玉凤家的小洋楼加入了溧阳富民资产合作社,这也是江苏省首家以房屋场所入股的合作社。如今合作社每年给他们分红8万元,她与丈夫再在合作社分别当保洁员和保安,每人每月又有2000元的工资。

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溪水淙淙,溧阳乡村旅游协会会长、合作社发起人潘建华带着记者体验合作社新投资2000多万元运行的竹海漂流项目,竹海漂流串联起富民的“一带一路”,那就是竹海漂流休闲旅游带、小农家山水风情路,构建“三产联动、多业融合”的“民宿+”农村经济新业态。

潘建华原来做卡车货运生意,赚了些钱回到村里,发现村里32户人家,几乎家家都是三层楼,但很多地方空置。于是潘建华就想将空置的村居集体改造成民宿。“一家一户的农民经营农家乐,缺乏资金搞不出规模,必须借鸡生蛋。村里家家盖三层农房,动辄就是二三百平方米,一楼放农具,二楼住人显宽敞,三楼无人问津。我就想,何不借鉴兴办种养业合作组织的做法,成立一个‘空房合作社’,鼓励村民把闲房拿出来,由合作社统一打理,社员坐享分红?”

合作社运行方式简单又具体:农户闲置的房屋,由合作社负责设计、农户出资按三星标准装修;内部空调、床上用品等,由合作社统一配置。装修完毕后,合作社按每张床位每年1300-1500元的标准,向农户支付租金,租金在合同签订日按年预付;前3年,保证农户收回装修成本,第4年开始赢利。合作社根据房屋地理位置和内设床位数量,给予农户保底分红。农户的装修费用按床位分摊,一般每个床位成本为4200元,实行一年一分配。

下场园村潘骏其家腾出两层楼面,装修出41张标准床位,去年拿到6.15万元分红款。今年,入住游客门庭若市,他们自家便从后门进出,与前门客房互不干扰。社员潘良兵更牛,四层小楼面积更大,摆放着60个标准床位,一年就可拿到保底分红款近9万元。

走访下场园村,这里80%的农户都已加入“合作社”,全村农舍都在开门迎客,快乐家园的农家乐就没空闲的。这里的土特产销售,也和一家一户“提篮小卖”不同,是辟出特产超市集中经营。凡是合作社农民自产的土特产,如毛笋、竹鸡、茶叶、板栗,都可拿到超市来,统一包装、统一销售。合作社的发展,还带动了新型产业分工。当地村民,几乎家家与合作社沾边,加入合作社农户达33户,全社社员110名,入股资产655万元。2016年,全社餐饮接待游客30多万人,营业收入1500多万元,成员户均增收4.5万元,并带动当地土特产的旺销。此外,合作社还吸纳周边100多位农民就业,每年工资性支出达200多万元。有的社员办加工厂,精制茶叶、笋干;有的办了养禽场,养土鸡养鸭子;有的做导游,有的跑运输。在前不久溧阳举行的餐饮业技能大赛上,快乐家园的“农家阿嫂”代表队登台与各大宾馆的大厨竞技,一款“竹”字打头的全竹宴,获得银奖。

随着农家乐事业的发展,年轻人开始回流乡村。熟悉携程网、途牛等旅游网站的潘俊如,设计了网站、微信号,开展现代营销,并正在研发一款民宿+互联网的线上平台。目前,合作社已与上海、浙江等地100多家旅行社建立联系,兼具旅游团队业务、农产品直销、游客召集、宣传农庄等多种功能。农家乐新增游客有一半是网上下单来的。

溧阳这种源自乡村、惠及农民的“草根创意”,既有别于工商资本下乡建起的观光农业园区,又不是一般意义上的零散家户经营,新型的“集合形式”让农民真正成为资源配置的主体。南京大学社会学院院长周晓虹在实地调研后,把溧阳模式引入到精准扶贫联系点福建省福清市的一都镇。在他看来,德国社会学家腾尼斯在19世纪末提出“共同体”的概念时,就认为观念一致、关系密切、出入相友和守望相助等是共同体最显性的特征。由乡村精英协同村民和政府的力量,自下而上的乡村营造方式,最容易建构这样的共同体。潘建华从自己的出生地李家园村开始,恪守契约精神,共享合作成果,多方资本运作,通过多年的乡村营造正在形成独具风格的田园乡村共同体模式。

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