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东北养老金缺口:黑龙江企业养老基金仅可支付1个月

2016-08-23 16:34:37   第一财经网

原标题:东北养老金缺口大黑龙江企业养老基金仅可支付1个月

东北养老金缺口大养老公积金可合并补救

由于人口老龄化严重,困难群体断缴人数较多,东北三省养老金缺口巨大,企业养老负担沉重。

辽宁省原副省长、国家开发银行原副行长刘克崮在8月20日的2016东北振兴论坛上建议,在提高职工基础养老保险统筹水平、降低企业缴费率、扩大参保面的基础上,应扩大企业年金制度,在职工购买首套住房后,可将住房公积金与企业年金合并,形成职工个人养老公积金账户。

东北陷入养老金困局

根据统计,东北地区企业养老保险抚养比(参保职工人数与领取养老保险待遇人数之比)为1.55,远低于全国2.88的平均水平。其中辽宁省1.79,吉林省1.53,黑龙江省为全国最低,仅为1.33,并且三省企业养老保险抚养比都呈逐年下降趋势。

由于基本养老保险全国统筹推进迟缓,东北地区自身积累的养老保险基金规模较小。2015年,辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省企业养老保险基金可支付月数分别为8.9、7.5和1.0个月,黑龙江省为全国最低。三省平均低于全国平均水平17.7个月。

从收支情况看,东北地区城镇企业职工养老保险基金都已经收不抵支。2015年,辽宁省城镇企业职工养老保险基金收入1499亿元,支出为1604亿元;吉林省收入569亿元,支出610亿元;黑龙江省收入925亿元,支出1108亿元。

为弥补养老金缺口,东北三省企业基本养老保险统筹基金缴费比例一度比全国平均水平高2~6个百分点。2016年,全国养老保险费率普降后,东北三省的企业缴费率为20%,仍比全国平均水平19%高出一个百分点。

同时,由于东北地区国有企业比重大,离退休人员多,人口老龄化日益严重,养老金开支逐年增加,养老基金统筹部分入不敷出。各地不得已采取了挪用个人账户基金的方式来支付当期退休人员养老金,已形成日趋严重的个人账户基金“空账运行”的问题。

建立养老公积金制度

刘克崮认为,现行养老保险制度已无法解决东北地区养老金缺口问题,应改革现行基础养老保险制度,加快建立多层次养老保险制度体系。其中将住房公积金和企业年金合并,形成养老公积金就是一个有效的方案。

企业年金制度作为多层次养老保险制度的重要支柱之一,目前在全国并没有得到广泛推行。根据统计,截止到2015年底,全国企业年金总额超过9500亿元,但建立企业年金制度的,往往是效益较好的国企或外资企业。

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