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养老金"入不敷出"省份翻倍 东三省全面"沦陷"

2016-08-15 03:38:09   每日经济新闻

近日,据《南方都市报》报道,人社部社会保险事业管理中心发布《中国社会保险发展年度报告2015》(以下简称报告),报告显示,城镇职工与城乡居民两项养老保险累计结余近4万亿元。

上述报告显示,去年企业职工养老保险基金收益率达到3.1%,这是近7年以来的最高。2009~2014年的企业养老保险基金收益率分别为2.2%、2.0%、2.5%、2.6%、2.4%、2.9%。

同时,报告数据显示,2012年以来,企业养老保险基金累计结余不断扩大,但是,可支付月数由2012年的19.7个月下降至2015年的17.7个月。其中,黑龙江的企业养老金可支付月数仅1个月。

城镇企业职工养老保险基金当期“入不敷出”的省份在快速增加,由2014年的3个扩大到了2015年的6个,分别是:黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、河北、陕西和青海。

清华大学就业与社会保障研究中心主任杨燕绥向《每日经济新闻》记者介绍,4万亿元的结余很多都在个人账户里面,现收现付的养老保险制度遇到了抚养比的挑战,两年内必须解决养老金制度的转型。

不到3个职工要“养”1个老人

近年来,基本养老保险累计结余逐年增加,截至去年底,结余规模已达到近4万亿元。但是,这并不能完全消除人们对未来社会养老压力增大的担忧。

报告显示,2015年职工养老保险抚养比继续保持下降的态势,由2014年2.97:1降至2.87:1,这意味着不到3个在职职工要“养”1个老人。

杨燕绥说:“养老保险实际抚养比到了3:1的时候,养老保险的费率就不能低于17%,如果降到2:1,每个人就得承担25%,抚养比越低(个人承担)幅度越来越重。”

与之相对应的是,职工养老保险参保情况也出现了一些微妙的变化。

去年底,中国社会科学院发布的《中国养老金发展报告2015》指出,各个省份城镇职工基本养老保险制度参保人数继续保持增长,但参保职工人数负增长的省份已经出现,2014年,辽宁省参保职工人数增速为-0.38%。

同时,参保人员的缴费情况不容乐观,在2006年至2015年,企业部门缴费人数占参保职工人数的比例不断下降,从89.98%下降至80.3%,每5个参保职工中约有1人没缴费。

值得注意的是,在医疗保险上职工退休比较低的问题更为严峻。

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