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特朗普环境政策遭美国多州抵制:继续推进减排目标

2018-04-02 00:16:47   海外网 

民众在华盛顿参加气候变化抗议活动。(Shutterstock)

民众在华盛顿参加气候变化抗议活动。(Shutterstock)

海外网4月1日电 据Arab News消息,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)已废除奥巴马时期通过的多项环境法规,使得涵盖范围从在公有地上运用水力压裂(fracking)技术,到保护濒危物种在内的数十项法规,都遭到废止。

然而,美国国内《巴黎气候变化协议》的支持者认为,尽管该国是唯一宣布退出的国家;但通过各州(states)的努力可能意味着美国仍有可能达成《巴黎协定》设定的温室气体减排目标。

《纽约时报》(The New York Times)报道称,美国政府最新锁定的目标是汽车燃料与排放标准的法规。该报道称,环境保护署署长斯科特·普鲁特(Scott Pruitt)是一位与化石燃料工业有关的气候变化怀疑论者,他认为奥巴马时代的控制措施给制造商带来了太大的负担。

特朗普废除奥巴马时期的多项环境法规(图:路透)

特朗普废除奥巴马时期的多项环境法规(图:路透)

接着,环境保护署署长在去年秋季宣布正试图废除《清洁电力计划》,这项奥巴马的招牌环境政策对各州温室气体排放作出限制。

但美国的联邦政府体制和极端政治环境为奥巴马《清洁电力计划》的实施提供了希望:像加利福尼亚州和纽约州这样接受反对派民主党人的执政州份,他们对共和党籍总统特朗普在全球气候变化上的立场感到震惊,并正采取措施反对这种立场。

纽约市市长迈克尔·布隆伯格(Michael Bloomberg)和加利福尼亚州州长杰瑞·布朗(Jerry Brown)甚至发起的一项《美国承诺》(America‘s Pledge)的倡议。《倡议》称,美国50个州,上百个城市和上千家公司已经绕开联邦政府,制定了减少温室气体排放的目标。

加利福尼亚州本州负责减少温室气体的排放量与法国相同,并且以20世纪90年代为参照,到2030年,其排放量将减少40%,该计划与欧盟一样雄心勃勃。

纽约市长带头造反,他希望特朗普在改变对《巴黎协定》的看法(图:edie.net)

纽约市长带头造反,他希望特朗普在改变对《巴黎协定》的看法(图:edie.net)

但问题依然存在:某些区域和企业所采取的行动,能否完全替代联邦立法成为核心呢?非营利研究机构“未来资源”的经济学家Marc Hafstead直截了当告诉法新社“美国不可能在没有联邦主导的进一步行动的情况下实现该项减排目标”。

根据《美国承诺》,支持《巴黎协定》的美国各州和各城巿,仅占全美温室气体排放总量的35%。

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