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高分4号能捕获动态目标轨迹

2016-01-06 09:20:49   付毅飞 中国科技网-科技日报

[导读] 36000公里轨道高度获取分辨率50米图像,开世界先河。本报记者付毅飞:李果介绍,该相机首次采用了亿级像素的可见光器件以及百万级像素的中波红外器件、大面阵凝视成像体制、中波红外与可见光共径技术等。

高分四号发回首幅图像

——36000公里轨道高度获取分辨率50米图像,开世界先河

本报记者 付毅飞

1月5日,高分四号卫星发回首幅图像。图像质量优越,达到预期目标。

36000公里轨道高度、50米分辨率,高分四号卫星填补了我国乃至世界高轨高分辨率遥感卫星的空白。此次成功成像,意味着卫星抓总研制单位——中国航天科技集团公司五院在多项关键技术上实现了突破。

“在36000公里轨道上实现几十米分辨率的卫星,国际上还没有。”高分四号卫星总指挥兼总设计师李果说,五院总体部设计人员在现有通信卫星基础上进行大幅度改进,攻克一系列新技术,形成了我国第一代高轨遥感卫星平台。

高分四号卫星总体总装设计师余快介绍,高轨卫星与低轨卫星的不同点之一,是要承载很重的燃料。对高分四号而言,除了为相机提供所需力学环境,3吨重燃料的承载问题也是构型重点。高分四号上采取并联燃箱的安装方式,使相机安装面由传统平台的4米降至2米,以获得更好的环境。

余快说,过去卫星平台设计通常更多地考虑集成性或成熟性,平台和相机耦合并不多。而高分四号星表很多部件都是围绕相机布局,如星敏感器装在相机上以提升稳定度;测控天线装在相机遮光罩顶部,以获得所需的全像视场。相机的热控部件如辐射板,则借助平台获得支撑。

高分四号采取新型组合式工装,不仅能使复杂结构一次成型,还能保证异型结构每个平面的精度。并首次采用冷热交变方式,释放复合材料结构内部应力,使相机更加稳固。

李果介绍,该相机首次采用了亿级像素的可见光器件以及百万级像素的中波红外器件、大面阵凝视成像体制、中波红外与可见光共径技术等。

李果说,该相机可以一次拍出整幅照片,覆盖面积相当于河南省,可以在几分钟内对三个不同区域进行连续成像,并很快处理成数据产品送交用户。紧急情况下,该相机一天内就能对我国疆域实现完整成像,还能捕获动态目标的运行轨迹。

高分四号卫星相机分系统负责人练敏隆介绍,该相机镜头长约一米,通过分色装置实现了可见光、红外同时成像。在进行可见光拍摄时,相机还能切换全色、红、绿、蓝、近红外五种滤镜。

练敏隆说,相机阳面温度超过一百摄氏度,阴面则达到零下一百多摄氏度,而镜头对温度非常敏感,温差超过0.2摄氏度,光轴就会偏移。

研制团队经过两年研究,掌握了复杂环境下相机温控技术,并给相机穿上了三层“保暖衣”,配置了长达2米的巨型遮光罩。

“导航和通信卫星没有稳定度指标,遥感卫星则不同,高轨遥感卫星的稳定度要求比低轨卫星更高。”高分四号卫星总体主任设计师刘凤晶说。

刘凤晶说,为满足卫星姿态的机动控制要求,高分四号的动量轮力矩是导航、通信卫星的5倍。要减小其扰动,必须将轮盘质量做到特别均匀,对产品要求极高。

设计人员为高分四号研制了“微步细分”太阳帆板驱动机构,以“小步快跑”的方式让驱动机构平滑运转,将振动降到最低。

此外,高分四号相机的红外通道要在低温成像,所需的制冷机也成为扰振源之一。设计人员除了改进制冷机本身,在安装上也采取创新设计,将其装在距相机较远的平台底部,通过传递装置连接热源,既满足降温要求又保证振动不会被传导。(科技日报北京1月5日电)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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