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高分四号卫星传回首张照片

2016-01-06 09:16:11   中国新闻网

高分四号卫星升空

自2015年12月29日成功发射以来,备受瞩目的“高分四号”卫星经历了为期一周的“太空旅行”。1月5日,它发来了亲自拍摄的第一张“明信片”。

记者从抓总研制高分四号卫星的航天科技集团公司五院了解到,该卫星在轨正常运行,正在进行载荷测试,成像效果良好,达到预期目标。中国突破了地球同步轨道遥感卫星五大关键技术。

遥感卫星总体设计技术首攀高轨之峰

进行高轨道高分辨率光学遥感卫星设计,世界上尚没有工程实施的先例。与低轨道相比,设计技术面临着众多新难题。与通信、导航卫星领域的“高轨兄弟”相比,高轨道遥感卫星设计又面临着高稳定度的要求。

在高分四号卫星总指挥兼总设计师李果的带领下,来自五院总体部的总体设计人员巧妙应对了成像质量保障、卫星构型设计、工作模式设计、微振动等带来的一系列挑战,突破了总体设计关键技术,形成了中国首个高轨道遥感卫星平台。

控制技术首次突破高轨“又快又稳”难关

高分四号在高轨道遥感卫星承担着对地球进行遥感观测的使命,姿态快速机动与高稳定控制是该卫星的关键技术之一。

五院502所的技术人员突破了“小角度快速机动技术”,为高分四号安装了四个大力矩动量轮,使其得以从容地规划整个拍摄过程,在更短的时间内拍摄更多清晰的 照片。研制人员还采取了全方位的“维稳”措施,从卫星平台的两大活动部件飞轮和太阳帆板驱动机构着手,把振动减到了最小。

首次掌握高轨遥感卫星长寿“基因”

高分四号卫星需满足在轨8年的使用要求,是中国目前设计寿命最长的遥感卫星。五院研制人员针对高分四号特有的使用模式,五院总体部提出了一系列设计与验证方法,全面增强高分四号的“抵抗力”。

为了让高分四号卫星在午夜时分不受太阳的暴晒,避免相机受晒影响成像功能,设计人员提出了“阳光规避”模式,由控制系统自动躲避太阳,保护相机。为使高分四 号卫星具备较强的抗辐照能力,很多原来应用于低轨卫星上的电子学单机以及光学膜系需要重新进行抗辐照设计,提升了空间环境适应能力。

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