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为什么中国小学胜过美国小学? 老师拥有尊重与权威

2017-09-25 01:03:15   

“这有用吗?”陈老师反问道。

事实上,的确没用。朱女士称从来没成功地让儿子吃过鸡蛋。儿子很挑食。陈老师教育朱女士,“在孩子面前,你应该说,‘老师说得对,妈妈也会这么做’,好吗?”

朱女士点点头,自己感觉有些震惊。

文章称,截至目前,朱女士的儿子已在中国教育体系下成长了五个年头。在此期间,她的儿子已经变身为一个举止得体的小学生,每天早上真诚地和老师打招呼——“老师早!”,并且对教育的尊重已在他幼小的心灵中根深蒂固。当朱女士看着6岁大的他每天早上自己准备好书包,把英语、语文和数学书,还有他自己削好的六支铅笔整整齐齐地放进包里,那一刻她有些呆住了。

当朱女士向美国的朋友们讲述儿子在中国上学的经历时,他们简直目瞪口呆。当他们和朱女士的儿子相处时,他们惊讶地发现朱女士的儿子并没有像拉布拉多犬一样躲在角落或者言听计从。朱女士的儿子画画的时候充满想象力,讲话风趣幽默,打网球时还会刁钻的正手击球。小孩子的特质都没有消失,朱女士如今也对中国人认为每个孩子都可以培养出多种出色才能的理念深信不疑。

“老师最懂”理念

文章称,研究人员发现,6岁大的中国小孩在早期的数学技能,包括几何和逻辑方面都胜过美国同龄孩子。当中国孩子申请海外留学项目时,录取结果也令人震惊。他们正从全球顶尖学府获得越来越多的录取名额。根据美国国际教育协会公布的数据,和10年前相比,常春藤名校录取的中国大学生人数增长了八倍。与此同时,在助推硅谷创业大潮的杰出人才中,中国人占了很大比例。

朱女士一开始对中国式教育是持反对态度的。美国是一个尊重婴幼儿自主选择、自由玩耍和推崇个性化发展的国度。然而,当朱女士的孩子在中国教育体系里学习了五年,她本人也和各个教育阶段的中国老师、家长及学生进行了交流后,她发现,的确存在一些奏效的中国式教育“秘诀”值得美国人效仿。其中大多数都和对教育的态度有关。

“老师最懂”的理念的确有好处。朱女士开始发现,一旦家长和老师统一了战线,孩子也会照做。这种遵从赋予老师近乎绝对的课堂指挥权。朱女士的儿子变得特别害怕迟到、缺课或者让老师失望。

在课堂上赋予老师不容置疑的权威地位有助于诸如几何、计算机编程等科目的学习。根据发表在《心理科学》期刊的一项研究结果,对这些科目而言,直接指导(相比由学生自主探索发掘)的教学方法更为有效。

相比之下,在西方,老师们花大量时间管理课堂纪律,以及平息由学生或者家长等发动的小规模反抗行为。一名20年前来到美国的中国老师称,她还记得自己第一年教美国孩子时深感震惊。“我一开始非常强势,但是这完全没有用。学生们会反驳我!”目前在明尼苏达州一所高中教授中文的张新义(音)回忆道。如果她布置的作业过多,家长有时候会抱怨。

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