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武汉中院认可并执行美国法庭判决 系全国首次!

2017-09-14 13:47:36   中国青年网

据武汉市中院介绍,有学者评价,该案的裁定不仅开创了美国法院判决在中国获得认可的先例,更为中国完善外国法院判决承认和执行制度提供了司法案例和实践素材。而且,这一裁定也为我国法学界提出了一条新思路:对于外国法院所作判决,我方相关认可制度可更进一步。

如何达成?意义何在?

长久以来,对外国法院的判决进行承认与执行一直是国际私法领域的世界性难题。现实中,当审理法院与执行法院位于不同国家时,当事人即使获得了有利判决,也往往难以在另一国法院获得实际承认与执行。原因在于,各国为了维护本国司法主权,通常倾向于拒绝承认外国法院作出的生效民商事判决的法律效力。

尽管对外国判决的效力持审慎态度是国际上的普遍做法,但我国对外国法院判决效力的态度显得尤为保守。一直以来,我国法院仅仅对外国法院作出的离婚判决中涉及身份关系的部分予以承认和执行,涉及其他内容的判决部分,包括离婚判决中涉及抚养关系、财产关系等其他法律关系的部分,在过往的司法实践中一概不予承认和执行。《最高人民法院关于中国公民申请承认外国法院离婚判决程序问题的规定》第二条规定:"外国法院离婚判决中的夫妻财产分割、生活费负担、子女抚养方面判决的承认执行,不适用本规定。"

近年来,随着我国对外交往的日益繁荣,尤其在"一带一路"战略的大背景下,司法实务中对于外国法院作出的判决效力也逐渐开始持包容态度。2014年3月,浙江省宁波市审理了波兰弗里古波尔股份有限公司申请承认和执行波兰共和国法院判决一案([2013]浙甬民确字第1号),裁定根据我国与波兰签订的双边条约承认与执行波兰法院作出的生效判决。2015年7月7日,最高人民法院将该案作为"人民法院为‘一带一路’建设提供司法服务和保障的典型案例",向社会进行发布,标志着我国法院对待外国法院生效判决的态度发生了根本性转变。

2016年12月9日,江苏省南京市中级人民法院作出了(2016)苏01协外认3号《民事裁定书》,系我国法院首次根据"互惠原则"承认执行外国生效判决的案例。

《我国法院按互惠原则承认与执行外国法院判决首案解析》(作者:何东闵)一文结合南京法院对案件的审理情况,对我国法院按照互惠原则承认与执行外国法院生效判决的法律适用进行总结分析,并对律师可以开展的相关工作及诉讼策略予以梳理。

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