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全国首次!武汉中院认可并执行美国法庭判决

2017-09-14 11:04:01   中国青年网

据武汉市中级人民法院官网9月12日消息,武汉市中院近日审结一起申请承认和执行美国法院判决案件,裁定承认并执行美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县高等法院所作判决。据悉,该案系中国法院首次依照互惠原则认可美国法院商事判决效力的案件。

《民事诉讼法》规定,针对上述类似请求,依照我国缔结或者参加的国际条约、或者按照互惠原则进行审查,在不违反我国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益的,裁定承认其效力,需要执行的,发出执行令,依照该法有关规定执行。

不过,就何为“互惠原则”存有争议。此前较长时期内,我国司法实践中采用“事实互惠”标准,即外国法院实际承认并执行了我国法院作出的生效判决、裁定,是我国法院按照互惠原则承认执行外国判决裁定的前提和基础。

但这种认定方式事实上将互惠原则变成了“外国优先给惠原则”,实践操作存在困难。在如今中国企业大量“走出去”的战略背景下,这一标准显得有些不合时宜。

因此,“法律互惠”是一种更为积极的互惠标准。该标准要求,法院在审理”互惠案件”时,需要审查外国法律是否规定该国法院可以按照互惠原则承认执行别国判决。如该国法律存在此类规定,则比较该国承认条件与本国法院承认条件,若该国条件与本国相同或更为宽松,则可以认定为符合互惠原则的要求。

截图来自武汉市中级人民法院官网

本次武汉中级法院判决案件中,该案申请人刘某及被申请人陶某、童某均系旅美华人。2014年7月,美国加州洛杉矶县高等法院以缺席判决形式,就原告刘某诉被告陶某、童某的股权转让纠纷作出裁判,判决陶某、童某连带偿还刘某12.5万美元股权转让款,并承担相应利息和诉讼费用。因陶某和童某在武汉市内均有房产,刘某遂向武汉中院提出申请,请求承认并执行洛杉矶县高等法院的判决。

由于中美两国之间尚未缔结也未共同参加相互承认和执行民商事判决的国际条约,此前中国法院也未曾依据互惠原则认可过美国法院民商事判决,此案审理在全国尚无先例可行。武汉中院先对一系列相关问题进行了细致审核,这些问题包括:美国法院对诉讼案件的管辖权、被申请人是否受到合法通知、是否存在美国法院认可中国法院判决的互惠前提,以及承认和执行该判决是否违反我国法律基本原则等等。最终,武汉中院作出裁定:对美方判决予以承认和执行。

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