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为何跨国企业屡屡对中国消费者“区别对待”?

2017-09-10 01:23:20   侠客岛

如果企业要逃避责任不提出召回呢?相关部门也可以在接受举报后,再查证、约谈企业。以汽车行业为例,《缺陷汽车产品召回管理规定》对这个过程有了明确规定:

总结一下,这个流程大致为:消费者反馈至企业→企业进行审核调查→确认不予召回→消费者向有关部门举报→专家判定需要召回→政府向企业勒令召回→提交召回计划→下达通知。

但这一过程到底有多漫长,前面大众的例子已经说得很明白了。更何况,其中的每一步都有执法成本,企业一倦怠,执法者一松散,消费者一放弃,都将导致召回无疾而终。

更为重要的还有经济因素,过去无数次案例证明,高昂的经济成本让不少消费者望而却步。此外,很多消费者放弃维权的主要原因还包括:就算维权成功,得到的赔偿还是太低了,还完全抵不上维权过程耗费的精力和金钱。

惩罚

更重要的是,即便顺利走过漫漫法律征程,赢得了召回的权利,具体的惩罚措施和惩罚力度也常常不是中国人自己说了算。

可以从一张罚单说起。2009年,丰田汽车部分车型因被爆出油门踏板、驾驶座脚垫、刹车等部件出现安全缺陷,在欧美等地大规模召回;2010年,美国交通部因其隐瞒问题、没有主动召回,就对丰田汽车开出1600万美元的巨额罚单。而中国本不在丰田汽车的召回列表里,在舆论压力之下车辆终于被召回维修,但最终的赔偿不过是每个车主300元草草了事。

如此一看,中国的违法成本似乎是有点太低了!

法规中也可窥见一二。《缺陷汽车产品召回管理条例》中规定,未按规定提交有关召回报告的,由主管机关责令改正,拒不改正的,处5万元以上20万元以下的罚款。生产者、经营者不配合产品质量监督部门的缺陷调查,生产者未按已备案的召回计划实施召回或者将召回计划通报销售者的处50万元以上100万元以下的罚款。

此外,《食品召回管理规定》、《儿童玩具召回管理规定》、《药品召回管理规定》也均提及罚金,不过多是13万元人民币不等,情节严重的,吊销其行政许可证。

一个跨国汽车公司一年利润数百亿,谁会在乎这几万几十万的罚款呢?

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