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为何跨国企业屡屡对中国消费者“区别对待”?

2017-09-10 01:23:20   侠客岛

最常见的,就是搬出中国国家标准。例如宜家的解释就是,北美的行业标准明确提出柜体不固定在墙上时也必须不能倾倒,而中国对此则没有明确的规定,因而符合中国标准。

另一种呢,就是千方百计“证明”该批次的产品中,中国与别国的零件有所不同。例如三星集团就狡辩说,中国地区的Note7手机所用的电池和国际市场上三星手机的电池不同,由另外一家电池厂商生产,不会爆炸,无须召回。但显然被现实狠狠打脸,中国电池爆炸的事件也频频出现,Note7还被民航总局禁止带上飞机。

立法

品牌商当然有千奇百怪的理由逃避责任,但法律部门就坐视不管?

也不是,早在2004年,中国的《产品质量法》中就对“缺陷产品”有所规定:缺陷是指产品存在危及人身、他人财产安全的不合理的危险。《消费者权益保护法》中也明确规定了召回制度,规定生产者和销售者有保障商品安全的义务。

但具体召回制度怎么进行?客观来说,中国的法律法规还在逐步完善的过程中。毕竟,从根儿上来说,召回制度它还是个舶来品,适应和摸索都需要时间。

美国在1966年就确立了产品召回制度,几乎囊括了所有在期货交易中可作为参照商品的基本品。2002年美国国会颁布的《产品召回增加责任与文件》更加严苛,对故意隐瞒产品缺陷、继续生产者的行为将追究刑事责任,刑期长达15年。

但是在中国,这一法规足足迟了38年。

直到2004年,我国才第一次颁布具体的召回规定——《缺陷汽车产品召回管理规定》,随后陆续颁布《食品召回管理规定》、《儿童玩具召回管理规定》和《药品召回管理规定》。2016年,中国开始实施《缺陷消费品召回管理办法》,第一批目录包括11类儿童用品和9类家用电子电器产品,其中也点明了生产商、销售者、服务业经营者的刑事责任。

落实

法是立了,但从立法到具体落实,这中间还有很大一步需要跨越。

一般意义上,召回可分为两种情况,一种是主动召回,另外一种是指令召回。通常,当遇到缺陷产品,消费者会向企业反馈,企业经过综合评定,向相关政府部门提出召回、申请备案,随后政府部门则将根据标准进行评估。这是比较理想的主动召回。

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