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中国将重塑全球能源格局 为削减耗能提供路线图

2017-08-23 00:41:40   参考消息

中国的国家电网公司打算利用世界各地的风力发电机和太阳能电池板建设能源网,由于形成规模经济并且建立起更先进的供应链,中国的太阳能电池板制造商比美国同行大约拥有20%的成本优势,中国的风力发电机制造商逐步缩小了与国外厂商的技术差距,占中国国内市场的份额由2002年时的25%扩大到90%以上。

文章称,这些趋势表明中国将来既是主要的能源需求源,也是尖端技术的主要来源,也就是说,中国将拥有一个千载难逢的机会:发挥全球领导力,中国的经验可以为发展中国家削减能耗强度提供路线图。中国对国内外可再生能源的投资可以带动技术继续突破,进而为全球消费者降低成本。

不过,在全球能源行业格局不断变化的情况下,中国在从化石燃料走向可再生能源的过程中也会遇到一些挑战。中国经济仍然高度依赖煤炭,因此在向天然气和可再生能源的产能迁移过程中会付出相当大的代价。

文章称,此外,中国的电网改造速度跟不上太阳能发电厂和风电场的建设速度,造成大量能源浪费。同时,中国的制造商与全球大多数制造商一样,感受到为了对冲全球能源需求增长放缓,越来越迫切地需要降低成本,提高效率。

虽然存在上述障碍,但是技术创新应当有助于中国的制造商实现生产率的提升,为消费者节约费用。根据麦肯锡全球研究所的报告,到2035年,五种主要大宗商品的供需变化可能让全球节约成本9000亿到1.6万亿美元。

文章称,要实现这样的成本节约,不仅取决于新技术的采用有多快,还取决于决策者和企业能否适应新环境,但最重要的是取决于中国。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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