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国内儿童专用药占比不足2% 剂型规格严重匮乏

2017-08-09 13:34:21   新华网

药品研发成企业短板

为什么儿童专用药这么少?国务院参事室特约研究员边振甲表示,一是政策不配套,监管和使用的相关制度缺乏衔接。对儿童用药的上市审批在食药监部门,政策管理在卫生部门,临床使用在医疗机构,储备管理在工信部门,多方各负责一段,相关制度、标准不配套、不统一、有脱节。二是临床试验过程风险大,影响新药临床开发。这也是国际上困扰儿童药生产行业的问题。在发达国家,临床实验的前提是与志愿者签订知情同意书,为其投保意外保险和必要的经济补偿,研发最大的支出就在于此。三是儿童用药市场化程度不高,药企利润低,生产积极性不高。目前国内儿童数量、每年生病用药量大致稳定,儿童药市场规模“扩容”的空间不大;儿童不是成人的缩小版,器官不成熟,发病特点、进程、对药物的吸收机制、依从性不一样,还需要特殊的配方、制剂和口味,使得药品研发生产工序多、成本偏高,导致企业不愿意从事儿童专用药的研发和产销。

来自中国医药工业信息中心的数据显示,全国药品生产企业有8812家,其中专门生产儿童用药的企业仅占0.1%。在药品临床试验注册项目中,国产药品注册信息达到165151条,其中儿童药品仅有2698条,仅占1.63%。临床试验登记的儿童药品仅占2.35%,相对于美国等发达国家超过20%的占比来说,显得过少。

“由于儿童药的定价原则是以药物有效成分含量的多少为基准,儿童药有效成分含量远低于成人药,相应售价就要低于成人药,使得儿童药在定价上不具备明显优势,企业无法得到补偿。”浙江华海药业股份有限公司总经理陈保华介绍说,要解决儿童药品种类短缺难题,可以由专业协会专家总结流行病学现状和国内目前儿童用药现状,确定哪些儿科疾病缺少药物急需攻克,并根据国内外儿科用药指南和临床经验,制订鼓励研发的儿童用药目录,实行优先审评审批,引导企业研发。

此外,相关专家在研究中发现,国产儿童药品说明书普遍缺少药代动力学数据,即使有也多为国外儿童数据。在一些国产药品说明书中,儿童临床试验数据基本照搬进口原研药品说明书。相关专家表示,儿童与成人、不同国家儿童之间药代数据有差异,需要中国儿童临床试验数据,才能让药效更精准,但我国的临床数据还远远不够。

鼓励开发儿童药

“为了保障儿童健康权益、鼓励儿童用药开发。近年来,各部门就儿童用药保障制定了各项政策。”国家卫生计生委药政司副司长张锋表示,去年以来卫计委、工信部、食药监总局公布了两批鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单,共71个品种,并明确对于“清单”内药品通过建立申报审评专门通道,对在港澳台地区已使用多年、临床疗效好且使用安全、但未在内地上市的儿童急需药品,探索试点进口使用,在注册审评进口儿童药品时允许直接引用港澳台地区儿童临床用药数据作为申报依据,加快审评审批。此外,通过国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项、蛋白类生物药和疫苗重大创新发展工程等,整合优势单位协同创新研发,引导和鼓励企业优先研发生产;在保障生产供应方面,对相应的儿童用药生产企业给予政策扶持,推动开展产品升级、生产线技术改造等。

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