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揭秘港珠澳大桥:所用钢铁相当于60座埃菲尔铁塔

2017-07-08 04:41:44   新华网

“传统方案不仅工期长,而且挖走大量淤泥还会给海洋生态造成灾害性污染,稍有偏移也会对桥梁和隧道产生灾难性破坏。”苏权科说,将120个直径达22米的大钢圆筒打入海床,围出岛的形状,然后再在中间填“土”成岛,既牢固又高效。

质量:以工匠精神追求120年的品质

港珠澳大桥建设者们开创性地提出“120年使用年限”,打破了国内大桥的“百年惯例”,新材料、新工艺的集成创新显得尤其重要。

“混凝土就是大桥的骨肉。总施工量约108万立方米的混凝土浇筑工程被分为了几个标段同时进行施工,至少需要16个混凝土搅拌站同时工作。”港珠澳大桥管理局工程管理部工程师鲁华英说,再好的厨师煮面也有煮硬或者煮软的时候,而搅拌混凝土就容不得这样的变动。

为了统一标准,港珠澳大桥管理局与港澳合作,首创混凝土认证制度,从源头石头的采购,到机械的管理,物料的防护,到搅拌的程序都固化为一整套质量控制体系,最终确保混凝土到达现场的温度、湿度、流动性达到统一。

和其他跨海大桥不同的是,港珠澳大桥是像“搭积木”一样拼装出来的。先在中山、东莞等地的工厂里把桥墩、钢箱梁、钢管桩统统做好,再等到伶仃洋风平浪静时一块块、一层层、一段段地组装起来。

“外海作业,风高浪急,台风频仍,传统施工方式既不能满足质量的需要,也无法满足工期的需要,更对施工者的生命安全构成极大威胁。”港珠澳大桥管理局党委副书记韦东庆说,以“大型化、工厂化、标准化、装配化”为核心的建设理念在港珠澳大桥得以全面体现。

被称为“海上大熊猫”的中华白海豚栖息和繁衍之地就位于港珠澳大桥海豚钢塔之下。为了实现“不让白海豚搬家”的目标,港珠澳大桥推行了将“健康(Health)、安全(Safety)、生态(Environment)”相融合的HSE一体化管理理念,制定一套规则引领设计、规范施工。

大桥的建设似乎并未对“小主人们”构成影响。港珠澳大桥管理局副局长余烈说,港珠澳大桥施工以来,中华白海豚的数量有增无减,已从2009年的1400头增加到2016年约2100头。

影响:“超级工程”变身行业升级“超级引擎”

“在建设过程中,港珠澳大桥实施了我国交通史上前所未有的大规模招标工作,可以说,正是这个超级平台的超级体量,支撑了行业转型升级的需求。”港珠澳大桥管理局计划合同部部长高星林说。

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