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两部门力推燃气轮机国产化 十三五重点攻关核心技术

2017-06-09 13:47:57   国家能源局

《意见》提出,要以热部件为标志,进一步完善和提升重型燃机关键部件制造技术和能力。

具体来说,要具备自主制造重型燃机高性能轴流压气机、高效燃烧室(燃料喷射系统、燃烧室套筒和连接件等)和高性能透平(透平轮盘、叶片、喷嘴等)以及控制保护系统的能力;要突破高精度气体燃料控制阀门、高可靠性大型滑动轴承、大功率传动齿轮箱等辅机配套关键零部件。进一步提升气缸、压气机轮盘、压气机叶片、轴承箱等部件加工制造技术和工艺水平。

近年来通过引进先进技术和自主创新,我国的燃气发电装备在制造方面已经掌握了部分先进的技术和工艺,拥有了一定的自主燃气轮机供应能力。

燃机电厂的国内燃气轮机供应商主要分为自主研发产品供应商和技术引进产品供应商。其中国内提供自主研发燃气轮机发电机组的企业包括沈阳黎明航空发动机集团、哈尔滨东安发动机、中航世新燃气轮机股份有限公司、中航动科南方燃机等公司。主要产品包括QD128、QD70、QD185和QD168系列轻型燃气轮机,以及R0110重型燃气轮机。目前,已经为国内外的电厂提供高炉煤气联合循环项目以及天然气分布式能源项目提供燃气轮机产品。

技术引进产品供应商为上海电气电站集团、哈电集团哈尔滨汽轮机厂、南京汽轮电机、东方汽轮机、杭州汽轮机等与美国通用电气(GE)、德国西门子、日本三菱重工有技术合作的公司。

上海电气电站集团与西门子合作引进的SGT5-4000F型燃气轮机,功率达329MW,联合循环效率达59.7%,为F级工业燃气轮机(图片来自西门子集团官网)

为尽快促进燃气轮机国产化,《意见》提出要完善配套支持政策

首先,国家明确的各类燃气轮机示范项目优先纳入相关规划,由各级投资主管部门按照权限核准或审批。

其次,对于各类首台套示范项目,油气企业要切实保障气源供应和相关配套条件;运行调度管理部门和电网企业要确保示范项目顺利接入电网,研究建立符合燃气发电机组特性的市场化调度运行机制,保障示范项目运行时间。

第三,鼓励具备条件的地区燃气发电通过市场竞争或电力用户协商确定电价。完善气电价格联动机制,有条件的地方可积极采取财政补贴等措施疏导天然气发电价格矛盾。

1980~2010年,北美燃机发电市场的燃机等级发展趋势,G/H/J级燃机是未来的主要发展方向,F级燃机在北美市场已显落后

天然气的发电成本比较高,相比火电并没有成本优势,天然气发电的经济性何以体现,所以需要补贴。在2017年年初的全国能源工作会议上,国家能源局局长努尔·白克力表示,天然气改革的一个重点就是积极推进天然气价格改革,探索建立合理的气电价格联动机制,鼓励大用户直供、降低天然气供应成本。

此外,《意见》提出要细化完善天然气分布式能源项目并网上网办法,鼓励天然气分布式能源与电力用户直接签订交易合同,自主协商确定电量和价格。鼓励各地区结合本地实际情况制定相应支持政策。

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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