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核心技术缺乏 高端装备制造痛失海外定价权

2016-10-31 15:49:36   经济参考报

从2000年我国提出“走出去”战略以来,高端装备制造在海外积极开拓市场,但也遭遇重重困难。随着制造成本上升,我国高端装备在与国际巨头竞争中的价格优势逐渐缩小,与此同时,核心技术缺失、不能形成合力、人才支撑能力差、遭遇国际标准阻碍等短板依旧突出。

《经济参考报》记者采访了解到,受多重因素影响,高端装备制造“走出去”正处于从低端市场向中高端市场转型的关键期。不少专家和企业负责人表示,当前应抢抓关键期,加快形成合力,推进标准化建设,同时狠抓核心技术研发和人才培养,最大限度降低走向中高端市场的成本,提高国际竞争力。

积极布局中高端海外市场

在记者走访的一些高端装备制造企业中,很多人有这样的同感:“走出去”战略实施十几年来,我国装备制造海外布局多集中在发展中国家,随着高端装备制造技术逐渐提升,具备了一定的向中高端市场进军的实力。此外,受国内转型升级压力加剧、国外行业巨头进一步挤压等因素作用,也逼迫国内企业向海外中高端市场布局。

今年3月份,芝加哥交通管理局发布公告,中国中车旗下四方股份公司中标芝加哥846辆、金额总计13亿美元的地铁车辆项目。这是中国轨道交通装备企业向发达国家出口的最大地铁车辆项目。该批车辆将用于更换芝加哥地铁线上的旧车,占到芝加哥地铁全部运营车辆的一半。

据了解,该项目启动后,中国中车将在芝加哥当地建厂,负责车辆的总组装。车辆设计方面,将按照美国标准进行设计,并适应芝加哥地铁小曲线、高架及严寒等特殊的运营环境。

在谈到高端装备“走出去”时,中国中车长客股份有限公司海外业务部副总经理马列表示,发达国家市场门槛高,要求十分苛刻,但必须进入。从长远看,高端装备走出去更应该面向中高端市场,这样才能真正检验并提升高端装备的竞争力。以轨道交通为例,除了布局发展中国家市场,还正在积极进入北美、以色列等高端市场。

中国广核集团国际合作开发部副总经理杨茂春表示,总体看来,目前核电已经成为和高铁匹配的“国家名片”,具备一定的国际竞争能力,特别是自主知识产权、技术认证和参考机组三大关键门槛均已实现突破,彻底消除了“走出去”的技术门槛。但他同时也表示,从外部压力看,当前全球核电市场竞争“近乎惨烈”,目前全球具备成套核电技术出口能力的企业有十几家,从技术、规模、品牌、经验和业绩看,中国企业都不具备明显优势。

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