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银行房贷今年或全面量缩价升 京二套房利率达1.2倍

2017-06-07 10:27:45   经济参考报

调结构控风险

房贷利率政策的变动与宏观政策的调整关系密切。

在银行信贷“调结构”的大方向里,个人住房按揭贷款属于“房地产类贷款”,银行对此有一套风控逻辑。某股份制银行零售总部管理层人士告诉第一财经记者,在所有的“调结构”考量里,楼市宏观调控动向是他们“最重要的指挥棒”。

早在去年底,中央经济工作会议就提出,要坚持“房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的”的定位,综合运用金融、土地、财税、投资、立法等手段,加快研究建立符合国情、适应市场规律的基础性制度和长效机制,既抑制房地产泡沫,又防止出现大起大落;要在宏观上管住货币,微观信贷政策要支持合理自住购房,但同时严格限制信贷流向投资投机性购房。

周小川在今年全国两会上也表示,去年部分热点城市房价快速上涨,带动房地产贷款猛增,预计今年住房贷款还会以相对较快的速度发展,但确实要适当平衡,随着政策调整估计会适当放慢。

周小川表示,总体上来看,个人通过住房贷款购房后,资金就转到开发商,所以这个贷款不能简单看作是买房子,实际上会传递到相当长的产业链上。

“管住货币”落到具体的额度管控上,不少银行分行人士感受到了当地监管对辖内各行房贷规模的重视,甚至细致到每个月的增量和余额。“我们每个月都要压额度的。”上述银行个贷部门的管理层表示。

事实上,“配合去库存进程”、“符合政策导向”等有关房贷的解读用词曾出现在上市银行2016年半年报中,但在年报中已不见踪影。

除了政策因素,各家银行也有对房地产类贷款的风险把控。从数据来看,上市银行个人房贷不良率在0.3%左右,远低于全行业1.74%的不良率。但银行仍然讲求信贷结构的合理,投向不能过度集中。在去年全行业对房地产类贷款加大投放力度之后,信贷结构优化成了各家银行面临的任务。

“流动性管理”则是高悬在银行头顶的另一根“指挥棒”。

一方面,个人房贷属于中长期贷款,在去年行业整体房贷规模快速增长之后,不少银行零售贷款中长期资产的盘子已趋于饱和。更形成压力的是,当前市场资金趋紧,半年末MPA考核又大限将近。整体来看,银行已经采取从严的流动性管控措施。

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