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中国可燃冰资源可用超百年 商业开发需15到20年

2017-06-05 04:43:09   经济参考报

和国际上早在20世纪60年代就开始勘探、研究可燃冰相比,我国的可燃冰研究起步要晚到1998年,但中国科技工作者只用了19年就完成了从空白到赶超的全过程。

“中国方案”具有多重深远影响

试采成功将改变我们国家的能源结构,扭转多煤少气的局面,同时在能源勘查开发领域也迈出了从“跟跑”到“领跑”的历史性一步。

叶建良说,从全球各国对可燃冰的开发历程看,美国、加拿大进行过陆上试采,但效果不佳。日本两次试采都已失败,也就是说,对可燃冰的试采,全球范围内没有成熟经验可用。

“我们在能源领域或者矿业领域,从油气到页岩气,包括煤炭的开采,都是跟着国外技术跑。这次的试采成功,至少短期内实现了领跑。”叶建良说。

可燃冰开采之难,被形容为“在豆腐上打铁、用金刚钻绣花”。

“可燃冰虽然储量大、分布广,但形成年代要比石油、天然气晚得多,覆盖的海底地层普遍是砂质,现有的海底钻井设备开采稍有不慎就会导致大量砂石涌进管道,造成开采失败。”卢海龙说。

日本的两次试采,尽管选择了相对条件较好的粗砂型储层可燃冰进行开采,但两次都因管道进砂而中止。

而神狐海域的可燃冰开采又属于难中之难。陆敬安说,神狐海域可燃冰一是储层浅,地层承载力有限,要保证井柱稳定,又不能破坏储层,工程措施选择小,施工难度大。二是砂子细,含泥量大,导致渗透率低、产量下降。

神狐海域可燃冰试采攻坚克难获得成功,依赖于“中国理论”的创新。试采现场指挥部办公室主任邱海峻介绍说,在多年勘探和陆地研究的基础上,我国在全球率先建立了可燃冰“两期三型”成矿理论,指导圈定了找矿有利区,精准锁定了试开采目标;创立可燃冰“三相控制”开采理论,应用于试开采模拟和实施方案制定,确保了试采过程安全可控。

此次试采成功形成的技术方案,在中国乃至全球具有广阔的应用前景,这对全球能源变革产生深远影响。同时,还将有助于“一带一路”倡议的能源合作与发展。

卢海龙说,在国际上一些专家眼里,可燃冰将彻底改变现存的世界能源市场,甚至可能改变现在的地缘政治模式。可燃冰资源有97%分布于海洋,90%属于泥质粉砂储层,而这也是神狐海域可燃冰的储层类型。

“这意味着,我们的技术总结完善后,将为世界上绝大多数可燃冰开采提供帮助,为世界各国提供借鉴,这次试采的‘中国方案’拥有无限广阔的应用前景。”卢海龙说。

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