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中国男性年满18要兵役登记 逃避需担责影响征信

2017-05-28 09:46:10   法制日报

参加兵役登记是法律赋予每个适龄男性公民应尽的光荣义务和神圣责任,带有强制性。我国兵役法第六十六条规定,有服兵役义务的公民有下列行为之一的,由县级人民政府责令限期改正;逾期不改的,由县级人民政府强制其履行兵役义务,并可以处以罚款:拒绝、逃避兵役登记和体格检查;应征公民拒绝、逃避征集;预备役人员拒绝、逃避参加军事训练、执行军事勤务和征召。

逃避或拒绝兵役登记的公民,既影响正常参军,还将受到行政性处罚。根据兵役法规定,应征公民拒绝、逃避征集且拒不改正的,不得录用为公务员或者参照公务员法管理的工作人员,两年内不得出国(境)或者升学。国防生违反培养协议规定,不履行相应义务的,依法承担违约责任,根据情节,由所在学校作退学等处理;毕业后拒绝服现役的,依法承担违约责任,并按照上述条款规定处理。若是在战时拒绝履行相关义务,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

目前,我国各地对兵役登记的规定在此基础上,均更为细化。比如重庆市规定,从2017年起正式推行兵役登记查验制度,普通高等学校在办理新生入学登记手续及进行在校生学年学籍电子注册时,高中阶段学校在学生毕业离校时,公安部门在办理公民身份证、户口簿、驾驶证、出国(境)等相关手续时,应查验适龄公民兵役登记情况,未进行登记的,应督促适龄公民依法履行兵役登记义务。

在惩戒方面,2016年5月30日,国务院出台了《关于建立完善守信联合激励和失信联合惩戒制度加快推进社会诚信建设的指导意见》,明确规定对“拒不履行国防义务,拒绝、逃避兵役”等行为,要进行联合惩戒。今年2月,四川省出台兵役登记实施办法,相关负责人表示,凡年满18周岁的四川籍男性青年,不按要求参加兵役登记的,不能参加公务员、事业单位和国有企业等单位的招聘考试,不能办理出国手续,不能取得毕业证,不能办理高校入学、升学手续,不能办身份证、户口簿、驾驶证,甚至影响个人征信,不能办理银行贷款,不能购买机票、高铁票,不能享受社会保障等。辽宁省兵役工作条例则规定,对拒绝、逃避兵役登记的适龄青年,处以3000元罚款,适龄青年被处罚后,仍有义务依法服兵役;对拒绝逃避征集的,处以1万元罚款,不得录用为公务员或者参照公务员法管理的工作人员,两年内不予办理出国(境)手续;两年内取消其报考高、中等院校和复学、复读资格。陕西省于近日发出通知,秋季入学报到的陕西籍大学新生、正在高中阶段学习且符合服兵役的学生,入学必须携带《兵役登记证》,否则不予办理入学手续。

重庆工商大学社会与公共管理学院讲师陈洪东表示,目前不按规定进行兵役登记现象普遍存在,反映出适龄公民没有明确自己的角色地位和权利义务,对其重要性认识不足,对其操作程序和方法不够了解,对其法律责任、行政、经济、信用等相关后果重视不够。

此外,也暴露出相关法律和政策规定的宣传不到位,规范有效的制度措施不够完善,约束和监督问责机制不够成熟,兵役登记的社会氛围不浓厚等等。

在谈到相关部门在兵役登记中担负的责任时,陈洪东表示,现代社会的正常运转,需要法律与制度、社会与文化等机构要素的通力协作。兵役登记机关应牵头主抓,教育部门与其他相关部门沟通协作,做好教育引导、组织实施工作,特别是抓住学生在校,便于实施的时机。各地应积极助推兵役登记工作法制化规范化,为登记和征兵工作的宣传动员、氛围营建、顺利实施等奠定良好基础。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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