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乡村教师死磕31年保护红豆杉,促成保护区建立(图)
郑乃员生长在山林,父亲常教育保护古树的观念,“有点迷信,说是古树有灵,平时也不能随意碰树枝”。
即便如此,面对陈封怀的建议,郑乃员也觉得有些离谱,“我当时没有方向,我又不是村长、书记,保护古树、生态,这事儿该我做吗?”
1985年下半年,点着煤油灯,考上了九江广播电视大学分校的郑乃员,独自前往江西省民政厅提出为油岭拉电线、装电灯的想法,并意外获得一刘姓副厅长的支持。
油岭村民享受到了电灯,郑乃员也因此成名,他收获了一些支持者,在古树保护上有了些底气。
拿出劲头,他决定试一试。1986年,郑乃员向村镇申请对古树进行挂牌保护。
修水油岭南方红豆杉自然保护区。
转变
第一次打击来得比想象中快。
从广州返家后不久,郑乃员碰上了村里人想砍松树来建房子,“那树有澡盆那么粗,我坚决不肯”,一阵劝阻后双方发生了冲突,郑乃员因此被调往一所离家更远、更偏僻的小学任教。
在今年57岁的龙光阳印象里,这只算得上一个开端,“保护树以后,得罪人的时候很多”。
1996年,在自费订阅的《中国花卉报》上,郑乃员真正认识了红豆杉,这种在地球上已有250万年历史的植物“活化石”,在1994年被列入国家一级珍稀濒危保护植物。
而一则《从云南红豆杉枝叶寻找抗癌新药——紫杉醇》的报道,让郑乃员第一次意识到生长在家附近山林里的古树身价不菲。
红豆杉当时被标榜为“抗癌神药”,红豆杉树皮、树叶、果子,甚至是红豆杉木制品的保健养生疗效受人推崇。
公开报道显示,1992年,美国一公司从野生红豆杉树皮中提取出紫杉醇并制成了治疗乳腺癌和卵巢癌的新药上市,当时,紫杉醇的价格高达每公斤18万美元。红豆杉“植物黄金”的名号不胫而走。
2000年,为加大对红豆杉的保护力度,郑乃员组织没搬迁的30多个油岭村民成立了三防协会,日常巡山防火、防盗、防病虫害。邻居郑焕章和龙光阳都成了协会的成员,数十年下来,二人已是郑乃员的“铁杆粉丝”。
也是这一年,为了挽留其他原住村民,郑乃员决心修路,“修好路,他们就不会搬迁下山。山上离保护区近,住在山上的人才能更好保护红豆杉”。
据邻居郑焕章回忆,当时没人想到这条路真的能通,“很多人说郑乃员是‘懵古’(方言音译,意为脑子不清楚、固执的人)”。
总长2.9公里、宽4.5米的水泥路,折腾了郑乃员数十年,总花费在百万元以上,郑乃员家付出了大半。其中,大儿子郑伟出全资修好了最后1公里路,郑乃员也把2015年获得的福特汽车环保奖的十万元奖金全部投入道路硬化。
诱惑
油岭漫山的古树中,红豆杉的价值逐渐被世人熟知,打起砍伐、偷盗、转卖主意的人也越发多。
2005年秋,一个福建雕刻商人看上了油岭晒谷石上长着的三棵800多年树龄的红豆杉,开出200万元的价格购买,并承诺出资50万元给油岭村民修上山的水泥路。
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