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大学教师收入是本难算的账

2017-05-26 13:36:19   环球时报

网上一篇涉及大学教师工资的文章引起网友热议。这篇文章的主要情绪反映了当前大学教师觉得自身收入水平偏低。此文一出,支持作者观点者不在少数,认为大学教师理应获得更高的“价值认同”。但也有网友认为,每月1万元左右的工资虽不算高,却也不低了,大学教师应该满意才对。

大学教师的工资问题并不简单,不能轻易下结论,更不能简单地论高说低。如果在网站搜索这个话题,会看到数万条相关信息,时间跨度可以追溯到十几年前。可见大学教师工资真的是个“老大难”问题,虽然年年有讨论,却岁岁无定论。

大学教师工资标准的纷乱既有历史原因,也有体制原因。现在大学教师的工资制度基本上还是沿袭上个世纪80年代中后期相关部门的规定。这些规定虽然后来有变动,但基本格局未变:基本工资加各种补贴。而基本工资的基数的确很低,一般只有几百元。在中国,工资和收入似乎不是一个概念,因为收入涵盖工资和其他进项,工资在整个收入中可能只占很小的一部分。所以长期以来中国人常常羞于谈工资,总是用“收入”含糊地表达一个人的财政状况。

大学教师的工资标准也是一个体制问题。自改革开放以来,教育领域和医疗领域一样被推向市场。我们显然对教育市场化运作可能出现的问题与挑战准备不足。大学不仅仅是教书育人的课堂,更是产出研究成果的场所。于是出现了产与出,和财富分配不平衡的问题。

大学有两大基本任务:科研机构的课题研究,和对在校生的教学。前者是少数人的宝塔上层,而后者则是多数人的基础团队。国家和社会很难对这两个群体给出“谁更重要”的结论。可是市场却分配给拥有课题研究的教师科研费,而那些承担平时基础教学的教师则与科研费无缘,仅凭被严格规定的标准领取工资。这大概是形成当前大学基本工资和收入有差别,甚至差别很大的主要原因。

笔者认识的一位在北京某名牌大学任教的三级教授,他的年收入接近15万元。除去各种税费,所剩数目令他囊中羞涩。这个标准或许还属于中等,因为更多大学教师的年收入在10万元以下,略低于有些快递员、网约车司机或泥瓦工的收入。

在市场经济中我们很难用“公平”来衡量劳动者对市场贡献的大小,因为市场对每个劳动的“价值”判断标准存在分歧。中国几千年来针对“劳心者”和“劳力者”之间待遇问题的争议从未停止过。现代的争论虽然又增加了什么“附加值”或“增值”的概念,但也没能为大学教师收入的平等和公正找到一个好的、被普遍接受的解决方案。

教育是中国实现现代化不可忽视的阵地,我们应该认真严肃细致地进行市场调查,尽可能稳重、准确和及时地解决大学教师的工资收入标准问题,补好这块“短板”,让教育更好地为国家的经济增长和社会发展做出其不可替代的贡献。(作者是中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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