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中国迎战每天10亿快递大考 其他国家快递业怎么样?

2017-05-27 09:44:54   环球时报

中通快递总裁助理兼人力资源总监徐霞表示,该公司已进行人才队伍升级,由原来的劳动密集型人才转向科技型人才,与国内高校建立校企合作关系,建立人才培养战略合作意向,并与第三方科技公司建立合作关系。近年他们与中科院合作研制出全球最先进的自动流水线分捡设备,比之前人工分捡降低了50%的人工成本。

心怡科技总裁邢琳琳对《环球时报》记者表示,早在2013年该公司就开始做国内第一条自动化仓库,订单通过流水线自动分配任务,效率提升30%。物流要实现智能化,首先要有大数据的积累。他举例说,现在冷链市场运输鱼,是等鱼睡觉时在它身上盖一层湿布,进行分层运输。鱼在睡眠时新陈代谢变慢,仅需要一些湿度保证身体呼吸就可以了。当鱼的体温降到一个曲线时就表明睡着了。这就需要数据的积累。▲

美国快递巨头布局智能物流

驻美国特约记者孙卫赤冯国川

美国的快递市场被两个巨头垄断——联邦快递(Fedex)和联合包裹服务(UPS),据统计,这两家快递公司的合并市场占有率约为85%,其他包括DHL在内的快递公司共占15%。

分析人士认为,网络效应和规模效应是美国快递市场持续高度集中的根本原因。快递公司需要建立跨地域的服务网络,同时需要足够量的业务支撑,只有寡头企业才能将成本降低到社会可以承受的水平。不过,单纯比拼价格和速度,对提高快递公司利润与品牌影响力的作用实在不大,还会导致恶性竞争。

2016年美国电商飞速发展,逼迫快递巨头加紧转型。当消费者越来越倾向于高频次的网购时,类似UPS这种快递公司也争相抢夺个人市场。以前UPS更多是将商品运输至企业,因为将包裹运送到消费者的家门口显然要消耗更多成本,不断增多的个人包裹投递注定挤压利润。UPS计划未来3年投入40亿美元,重点打造“智能物流网络”,通过对分拣设施、技术能力和生产自动化进行升级和投资,增大运送能力,开创一个全新的发展时代。2016年,该公司已为此投入近30亿美元,2017年将有30%的增幅投入。

联邦快递在2017财年已投入20亿美元用于扩建地面物流和分拨中心,共完成185个工厂项目,包括4个主要物流点、19个全自动站点和69个再分发中心,新增约1000万平方英尺的分拣空间。在联邦快递的发展史上,同一年内进行如此大规模的扩建实属罕见。

2016年,斯坦福大学价值链创新倡议研究中心与美国邮政服务局督察长办公室联合发布了《“最后一英里快递”技术颠覆与创新白皮书》。报告指出,能为物流行业带来变革的四项技术为:优化商品配送流程的高级软件算法与分析、无人机、机器人和无人驾驶汽车技术。从目前来看,无人机成为现实的几率较大。如亚马逊计划在未来PrimeAir服务中使用无人机技术,以满足消费者希望礼物、电子产品及食物等在30分钟内送达的需求。DHL曾在德国测试过“无人机快递柜”送货系统,未来会扩大技术的应用范围。亚马逊申请的专利更加大胆,例如,在路灯上安装小盒子让无人机投送包裹。

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