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媒体:楼市寒冬 为何地方“卖地”收入反而大涨?

2017-05-02 00:56:12   海外网

长效

毫不讳言,房地产市场十几年来频繁陷入“屡限屡涨”的怪圈。限购、限价等短期政策就像止疼药,刚吃的时候有用,但不能长期有效,甚至“边际效应递减”。“止疼药”还有一个特点,那就是停药之后更疼。一个重要的原因还在于供需的不平衡。

土地供应端因为牢牢卡在政府手里,成为地方政府的“提款机”,因此从土地供应端入手增加土地和房屋供应,地方并不积极,相反,消费需求侧的抑制就容易得多。这种不均衡使力,并没有从根本上改变快速城市化进程中,土地供应短缺的严峻形势,反而躲避了改革的真问题,使得房地产领域的改革拖延下来,被土地财政牢牢绑架。加之近些年经济下行,大量的货币得不到有效引导,疯狂进入房地产市场。房产投资成倍的收益成为抵抗通胀的利器,让更多的资金趋之若鹜。

因此,我们看到,地方政府陷入卖地财政的怪圈,老百姓用十几年甚至几十年的还债来供养房子。“辛苦几十年,不如买套房”,远超平均工资的房价,已经明显拖累了中国人的幸福,也扭曲了老百姓的致富观念。

“该断不断,反受其害”。

2016年底的中央经济工作会议就强调,要坚持“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”的定位,要求回归住房居住属性。同时提出,综合运用金融、土地、财税、投资、立法等手段,加快研究建立符合国情、适应市场规律的基础性制度和长效机制。

这一次,两部委的《通知》就明确了供地节奏与去库存的关系,降低供不应求的市场预期,进而逆转房价上涨预期。从土地供应侧与需求端“双管齐下”,可以看出管理层对遏制房价上涨的决心。而这也被解读为房地产调控供给侧长效机制的破冰之举,重要性毋庸讳言。

若不按《通知》规定的根据库存调整供地规模,而导致房价上涨压力过大,或致去库存不利,则很有可能被住建部约谈。这不是开玩笑,之前已经有地方政府被约谈了,甚至被约谈了多次。说白了,简单的“稳定房价”已经不是本轮调控的核心目标,建立长效机制才是。

对于长效机制,其实早在2013年,中央就正式提及,综合运用金融、土地、财税、投资、立法等手段逐步建立长效调控机制。去年底中央经济工作会议和今年政府工作报告的提法分别是“加快研究建立”和“加快建立和完善”。25日时已经变成了“加快形成”,“加快”的急迫态度是始终的,也隐隐地透露出这件事不断发展的信号。

当然,房地产改革背后的主要矛盾,依然来自地方的财政危机。在中央和地方财税体制改革中,如何增加地方的财源以支撑不断加码的改革事权,是难点,也是破解“土地财政困局”的关键。

从这点来说,房地产的长效机制还不仅仅是一个领域的事,必须放在整个改革的盘子里统一盘算。不然,我们的房地产市场出台再多的调控,也依然是“头疼医头,脚疼医脚”。

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责任编辑:穆启春 CN063、周晶晶 CN032
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