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内蒙古:70年沧桑巨变,奋进在民族区域自治的光辉道路上

2017-05-01 13:17:53   新华网

民族区域自治制度,是中国共产党经过长期探索独创的解决民族问题的正确选择,是党的民族政策的源头,是我国的一项基本政治制度。民族区域自治的核心,是真正确保各民族共同当家作主。民族平等是我们党民族政策的基石,也是新中国立国的根本原则之一。坚持民族区域自治,确保各民族以主人翁的姿态积极参与管理国家和地方事务,把民族平等真正落到实处,是内蒙古革命、建设、改革各项事业不断前进的基本保证。

民族区域自治制度让农牧民翻身作了主人(资料图片)

自治区成立后,从1947年11月到1948年4月,全区进行了土地改革运动,废除了封建剥削制度,农牧民翻身做了主人;在牧区,进行了民主改革,“牧场公有、放牧自由”“不斗、不分、不划阶级”和“扶助贫苦牧民,牧工牧主两利”的政策使得内蒙古草原呈现出一派兴旺景象;在城镇,保护了工商业发展,陆续恢复和建立了一些军械厂、皮革厂和被服厂,所生产的武器和军需品源源不断运往前线补给东北野战军。

1947年至1957年10年间,自治区的建设事业以及社会主义改造取得了令人瞩目的成就,初步形成了政治稳定、经济发展、文化繁荣、民族团结的新局面,被党和国家誉为全国民族区域自治的良好榜样。

“一五”期间,国家新建的8条铁路干线中,内蒙古就有集宁到二连、包头到兰州2条干线;全国156个重大工程建设项目中,内蒙古就有包钢、内蒙古一机等6个项目。内蒙古大规模的社会主义建设如火如荼。

内蒙古把自力发展与中央关心、发达地区支援结合起来,通过建立国营牧场、成立民族联合社等多种方式,鼓励和动员各族干部人才支援少数民族地区的建设。在发展思路上强调,“自治区的经济建设必须和全国的经济建设总的步调一致,自治区的一切财富,必须首先为全国的经济建设服务。”特别是抓住国家重点建设包头工业基地等重点项目建设的机遇,把自治区的各项建设事业与国家统一的计划紧密地结合起来,结束了少数民族地区“手无寸铁”的历史,短时期内使自治区经济社会发展的落后面貌发生了明显变化。

改革开放以来,内蒙古立足实际,较早地在农区推行了家庭联产承包责任制,在牧区创造性地制定了“草畜双承包”责任制,使农村牧区获得了大发展。“六五”期间,内蒙古按照“东林西铁、南粮北牧”的经济发展大格局全面铺开。“七五”期间,内蒙古从建设中国特色社会主义的总体要求出发,经济社会发展步伐进一步加快。1987年12月,自治区党委四届五次全委会提出全区经济发展“三项奋斗目标”,对自治区20世纪后10年经济社会发展,作出了总体规划和部署。

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