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一门3兄弟皆为航天院士 2人曾在国防科大任教

2017-04-25 09:05:39   国防科大

20世纪90年代,我国开始实施921载人航天工程。载人航天对液体火箭发动机的燃烧稳定性提出了更高的要求。当时正是我国研制飞船轨控发动机的关键时刻和艰难时期。这时,庄逢辰把主要精力放在液体火箭发动机燃烧稳定性研究上。经过两年理论和试验研究,完成了“MMH/NTO火箭发动机燃烧声学不稳定性和声腔阻尼的数值评定技术”,这项成果应用在神舟1-4号试验飞船和2003年10月15日我国首次载人航天飞行以及以后的各种飞行中,飞船轨控发动机和姿控发动机的燃烧非常稳定,保证了飞船的成功变轨和返回。同时也圆了他1961年想的能为我国載人飞船发射作出点贡献的梦。

至此,虽然他在20世纪60年代创导的液体火箭发动机燃烧模型和数值仿真的研究已经在我国好几个型号的研制中得到了具体应用,但他认为应用还不够普遍,有待进一步推广,而且他提出的模型和数值仿真方法还需要进一步发展。

1993年12月,意外不期而至。那天北京刚下过雪,庄逢辰骑车去情报所的路上不慎摔倒,股骨颈骨折。卧床期间,他带着伤病仔细整理30余年写的液体火箭发动机燃烧讲义、讲稿、研究报告、发表的100多篇论文以及其他有关文献,对原有成果进行再创造、再提高,创立了一个新的学科体系,在轮椅上完成了学术专著“液体火箭发动机喷雾燃烧的理论、模型及应用”的写作,以后又到上海801所和北京11所就该书内容作介绍和报告。

1995年该著作正式出版后,得到两弹元勋任新民院士,上海航天技术研究院孙敬良院士,美国宾洲大学推进研究中心杰出教授、《Jet Propulsion Power》主编Vigor Yang等国内外专家的高度评价,公认该书是我国第一部系统建立和详细介绍液体火箭发动机喷雾燃烧的理论、模型及及应用的专著,对液体火箭发动机新设计方法的应用和本学科的发展起到了重大推动作用。该著作获得国家科技进步二等奖。

对燃烧科学无尽的追求

上世纪90年代,庄逢辰几乎参加了我国所有天地往返运输系统的各种讨论,他提出了单级入轨可重复使用运载火箭燃烧关键技术研究和氢氧双混合比发动机的燃烧和传热研究,继续不断完善已有的科研成果。2000年,他的“MMH/NTO火箭发动机燃烧声学不稳定性和声腔阻尼的数值评定技术”项目获得军队科技进步一等奖。与此同时,他作为主要完成人之一、由上海航天局801所申报的“神舟试验飞船推进舱双组元2500N轨控发动机”也获得国防科工委的国防科学技术二等奖。

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