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载人航天工程总设计师:中国稳步迈进空间站时代

2017-04-23 02:00:52   新华网

新华社北京4月22日电 题:我国稳步迈进“空间站时代”中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平解析天舟一号飞行任务

新华社记者李国利、王经国、陈曦、梅常伟

22日12时23分,天舟一号与天宫二号顺利完成自动交会对接,我国自主研制的货运飞船与空间实验室的首次交会对接取得圆满成功。中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平在接受新华社记者专访时表示,天舟一号飞行任务是中国载人航天工程“三步走”战略“第二步”的收官之战,也是空间站货物运输系统的首次飞行,其顺利实施标志着我国稳步迈进“空间站时代”。

验证货物运输系统设计正确性和产品可靠性

周建平说,天舟一号是我国专门针对空间站而设计建造的第一艘货运飞船,与长征七号运载火箭共同组成空间站货物运输系统。这次任务是空间站货物运输系统的首次飞行,主要意义在于验证货物运输系统设计的正确性和产品的可靠性,以及载人航天工程各个系统执行货物运输任务的协调性、匹配性。

“从技术指标上讲,我国的货运飞船在上行载货比、货物运输、推进剂补加等综合能力方面,比肩甚至优于国际现役货运飞船。”周建平说,与其他国家的货运飞船相比,我国的货运飞船瞄准提供更加广泛的货物运输能力的目标。除了全密封货物舱外,还有半密封半开放、全开放货物舱,可以为空间站提供强大的运输能力,把大型仪器、实验设备运上去。

将与天宫二号进行三次交会对接

周建平说,天舟一号入轨后,将在近半年的时间里与天宫二号进行三次交会对接,这在我国载人航天历史上还是第一次。其中,22日实施的第一次交会对接和此前神舟飞船自动交会对接的控制方式一样。

第二次是绕飞交会对接。天舟一号在对天宫二号完成第一次推进剂在轨补加后撤离天宫二号,天宫二号进行180度转向,天舟一号通过全自主绕飞,从下方绕飞到天宫二号前方进行第二次交会对接。

第三次交会对接,将验证全自主快速交会对接技术。与以往实施的交会对接都是由地面完成远距离导引不同,这次交会对接将全程由飞船自主完成,在6.5小时内完成两个航天器之间的交会对接。这项技术不仅将大大缩短交会对接的飞行时间,还将大大减轻地面支持人员的工作强度。

我国空间站建设进展顺利

周建平介绍,我国空间站研制进展顺利。其中,长征七号运载火箭和天舟货运飞船组成的空间站货物运输系统,长征二号F运载火箭和神舟飞船组成的载人运输系统,都已经完成研制。新的飞行产品空间站和长征五号B运载火箭,处于初样研制阶段,正进行系统的集成测试和试验。

周建平说,根据我国空间站任务的需要,近期将开始第三批航天员选拔工作。空间站建成后,载人飞行的频率会更高,乘组飞行的时间会更长,需要更多的航天员执行任务。

“未来,航天员将会从更广的范围选拔,包括港澳台同胞。让港澳台同胞有机会参与祖国的载人航天事业,一起为探索浩瀚宇宙、发展航天事业贡献力量。”周建平说。

周建平介绍,嫦娥五号将于今年下半年发射。任务完成后,将为我国载人登月打下良好的技术基础。“载人登月是一个非常重要的发展方向,也是我国载人深空探测必须走的第一步。目前,科学家们正在进行探索研究方面的论证。”周建平说。

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