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中国首推光伏生产“高耗能高污染”争议终结?

2016-11-24 11:33:16   观察网

实现光伏全产业链的清洁生产

2015年,中国新增装机15GW(1GW=1000MW,1MW=1000KW),并以累计装机43GW超越德国成为全球光伏累计装机量最大的国家。

“光伏发电的回馈周期只是1.3年,我们怎么样在整个过程中保持绿色,这就是做这个标准一个原动力。”英利绿色能源首席技术官宋登元说。

这是首次从生产工艺及设备指标、资源和能源消耗指标、资源综合利用指标、污染物产生指标、产品特征指标和清洁生产管理指标等六个方面进行评价。

“从清洁生产的概念来说,一是原料的清洁化,二是产品的清洁化,这是往常关注的,现在更多关注的是生产过程的清洁化。其实还有一个段,就是产品在使用过程生命周期的清洁化。”中国环境科学研究院博士李艳萍在当天的新闻发布会上说。

从具体指标来看,在上述的六个一级指标下面,针对光伏生产的各个工序,包括重点的关键环节选取了二级指标,并且根据一些法律法规的要求,设定了一些限定性指标,对每一个指标给出了一级、二级、三级的基准值,按照评价通则的要求设置权重。

“这个标准是怎样来发挥作用的,我觉得从几个方面。一是准入,像排放标准门槛是必须大部分企业,或者至少是相当一部分企业能够达到,再有一个是过程的规范和引领,让企业有更高层面的更规范的发展。最后一个是高端引领。从我们的角度看,至少这个标准都是能覆盖的。”高东峰说。

中国光伏行业协会秘书长王勃华表示:“《光伏电池行业清洁生产评价指标体系》的正式发布,对指导我国光伏电池企业推广清洁生产、提高节能减排、促进光伏行业可持续发展和建设环境友好型社会具有重要意义。”

用标准推动企业的节能减排

根据世界自然基金会的统计数据,全球75%以上的温室气体是由38家碳排放强度最高的企业造成的。因此在温室气体的排放中,全球企业的作用非常关键。而如何制定标准更是成为企业增加全球影响力和话语权的关键。

“标准的制定实际上是一个门槛的制定。作为一个门槛,90%的企业往往都是以低标准在执行,只有10%企业会去努力。”世界自然基金会项目执行总监李琳说。

“光伏标准建设是推动产业供给侧结构性改革,促进产业结构调整的,成为国际经济科技竞争的制高点,也是正确引导和科学推动光伏产业健康有序发展的重要内容。”中国光伏行业协会副秘书长王世江说。

据李艳萍介绍,未来,若光伏企业按照该体系推出的标准生产,可使太阳电池生产能耗将降低20%,化学需氧量(COD)和氮氧化合物产生量均降低14%,可使能量回收期缩短到1年左右(现在为1.17年),将有效扭转光伏产业“高耗能”、“高污染”的认识误区。

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