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对于香港社会一些人担心人大释法对法官不够尊重,会影响到司法独立。张晓明强调,对这个问题的认识要“正本清源”,“跳出一些惯性思维或话语陷阱”。他首先从法理上指出,基本法的解释权属于全国人大常委会,全国人大常委会有权在它认为有需要的任何时候解释基本法有关条文,这一点在1999年终审法院关于“刘港榕案”的判词中也得到明确,即全国人大常委会的解释权是“普遍而且不受限制的”,不能因为全国人大常委会把基本法的一部分解释权授予了特区法院,而认为特区法院有权反过来限制授权人的权力及其行使。
挑战“一国两制”岂能不管
至于有人质疑宣誓事件中央该不该管,张晓明反问:“‘港独’分子已经公然利用宣誓宣扬‘港独’了,已经狂妄地挑战‘一国两制’底线、危及国家安全了,中央能够坐视不管吗?”他强调,释法针对的不是特区自治范围内的事务,而是针对“港独”行径和涉及对国家效忠、涉及基本法权威的严重问题。谈到在香港法院已经审理宣誓案件的情况下,人大释法时机是否适当,张晓明认为,关键看特区是否有更好的办法有效阻止相关人士利用立法会平台继续宣扬“港独”的言论、有效阻止产生更为严重的社会危害后果,“从这个角度讲,全国人大常委会此时释法不仅是职责所在,也是唯一适当的选择。”
张晓明又表示,香港的司法独立是中央授予的高度自治权的一部分,是相对于特区行政、立法机关而言的,不能凌驾于中央依法享有的权力之上,不能拿司法独立抗拒和排斥中央权力。他说,司法独立是为了保障法官在审判案件时不受任何外来干预,从根本上讲,是为了确保法官正确地、忠实地执行法律,释法正是为法官准确依法审判案件提供更为清晰的依据。他强调,中央从来都主张尊重并坚决维护香港特区依法享有的独立的司法权和终审权,事实上人大释法只是解释法律,并不取代特区法院审判。
张晓明续指,此前的四次释法都是因为出现了需要明确的实际问题,而且是在香港社会在基本法相关条文的理解和适用上出现争议的情况下作出的,释法后都起到了正本清源、息纷止争、填补漏洞、完善法制的作用,并没有产生某些人一次次危言耸听的后果。他强调,全国人大常委会依法行使对基本法的解释权,与香港法院依法行使独立的审判权是并行不悖的关系,与“司法独立”并不矛盾。张晓明认为,关键是有关各方都要真正尊重基本法在香港法律体系中具有的最高法律地位,真正把基本法的有关规定本身看作香港法律制度的重要组成部分,真正把维护基本法与维护香港法治统一而不是对立起来,真正适应与“一国两制”要求相一致的新宪制,真正依法办事。
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