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专家:月薪5000以下可能减税 两三万以上再加税

2016-10-30 14:35:40   华夏时报

不过,目前的个税征收还没有建立,缺乏统一的个人收入和财产信息收集和共享平台,纳税人自行申报制度也待进一步完善。“比如说个人的跨区域流动、大量现金交易等,目前我们都没能掌握。而最大的问题就是有关部门要面对如何实现对个人收入和支出信息的掌握、规定、共享这一系列的问题,也就是政府的信息管控能力。”国家行政学院经济学部教授冯俏彬表示。

同时,还需要与其他领域“深水区”的改革互为条件,比如户籍改革等,难度可想而知。

财产税倒计时

个税改革踽踽前行,房地产税也蓄势待发。

在我国,个税只是对民众普遍征收的一种税,并不是专门针对高收入者征收的富人调节税。

“调节收入主要是靠个税,但是并不是靠单一一种税,而是很多种税,比如说房地产税。调控房价只是房地产税的一个辅助功能,房地产税应主要实现优化地方税体系、地方财政收入以及调节收入分配的功能。”刘剑文表示。

10月27日,财政部财政科学研究院院长刘尚希表示,全国人大正在就房地产税进行立法,何时出来取决于全国人大立法的进程。

目前,我国的现行税制体系中,财产税共有10个税种,包括房产税、车辆购置税、契税等。其中,名称相近的“房产税”开征于1986年,适用范围较窄,仅限于单位和个人的经营性房地产,对个人住房则实行免税,因此对百姓生活基本没有影响。

而对于房地产税,国家一直强调是“房地产税改革”,实际上也就意味着这不单单是推出一个新税种,而是作为我国税制改革的一部分,对现有房地产税制重新设计。

“房地产税不仅涉及到房,还涉及到地,现在房和地又不一样。房子有所有权,地没有所有权。房和地合起来怎么收?再一个推行房地产税以后,城市和农村是不是一块儿收?城市要收房地产税,那农村全是地,要不要收房地产税?其中还涉及到很多央产房、军产房,这里面的复杂因素太多了,需要很周密地调研,然后草拟出一个方案供大家讨论。征收面有多大?具体对哪些人征收?这些界限怎么来定?这些都需要了解清楚才行。这不是一件容易的事情,2020年以前出来也是很粗的一个原则性方案。我个人觉得2020年实施的可能性不是很大。”孙钢表示。

按照原来财政体制改革的时间表和路线图,房地产税计划在2017年落地,但是由于立法程序比较漫长而且各方意见不能统一,2017年出台的可能性比较小。

不过,在刘剑文看来,目前草案已经有了,走完全国人大的三审制程序,同时也要征求意见,综合考量。不过提交全国人大审议以后,就已经很快了。

“征收房地产税在技术上没有太大的困难,因为这一项目相关部门已经研究了很长时间,财税界的理论研究也非常充分,包括各个国家的税制比较等。在实践方面,前几年在一些地方也都模拟过,不存在太大的困难。”冯俏彬表示。

一个关键问题是,怎样在调节高收入人群收入的同时,不要误伤自住型购房者。

在中国城市房地产研究院院长谢逸枫看来,房地产税应广泛征求老百姓意见,时机成熟再开征,并避免误伤合理改善与正常投资需求。在房地产税立法的时候,土地出让金,包括契税、土地增值税等如何处理,应该严密论证,慎重推行。

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